单选题What is the passage mainly about?A Game houses have a bad effect on young boys.B More and more small shops have been made into game houses.C Young boys spend a lot of money playing computer games.D People play games better after trying again and again.

请阅读Passage 2，完成题：
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres.
The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were'Plafformers' and 'Beat-them-ups'. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children's cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children's everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive 'yells' at the screen. It is not only the'Beat-them-up' games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their'lives' and'die' just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words'Game over' appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming'addictive': the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have'one last go' in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.

What is the topic of this article?
查看材料

A．How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in children.
B．There is no difference between Platform games and 'Beat-Them-Ups'.
C．How to control anger while playing computer games.
D．How to make children spend less time on computer games.

请阅读Passage 2，完成题：
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres.
The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were'Plafformers' and 'Beat-them-ups'. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children's cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children's everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive 'yells' at the screen. It is not only the'Beat-them-up' games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their'lives' and'die' just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words'Game over' appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming'addictive': the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have'one last go' in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.

Which of the following games is supposed to contain violent content?
查看材料

A．Sonic.
B．Super Mario.
C．Platformer.
D．Beat-Them-Up.

请阅读Passage 2，完成题：
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres.
The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were'Plafformers' and 'Beat-them-ups'. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children's cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children's everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive 'yells' at the screen. It is not only the'Beat-them-up' games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their'lives' and'die' just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words'Game over' appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming'addictive': the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have'one last go' in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.

According to the author, why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?
查看材料

A．Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.
B．Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.
C．Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.
D．Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.

The first true piece of sports equipment that man invented was the ball.
In ancient Egypt,as everywhere,pitching stones was a favorite children's game．But a badly thrown rock could hurt a child．Looking for something less dangerous to throw,the Egyptians made what were probably the first balls.
At first,balls were made of grass or leaves held together by vines．Later they were made of piece of animal skin sewed together and stuffed with feathers or hay.
Even though the Egyptians were warlike,they found time for peaceful games．Before long they had developed a number of ball games,each with its own set of rules．Perhaps they played ball more for instruction than for fun．Ball playing was thought of mainly as a way to teach young men the speed and skill they would need for war.

The Egyptians thought that ball playing was__.

A.childish
B.difficult
C.not enjoyable
D.worthwhile

Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure to notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they don't mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kids'development,but it's probably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoundingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their children's lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,I'm not unsympathetic to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldn't have survived infancy ifl'd had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parents'use of screens is an underappreciated problem isn't to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evidence suggests that many types of screen time（especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery）are damaging to young brains.Today's preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset of"regular"screen use has gone from 4 years to just four months.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic children's natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.（My mother-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligan's Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.）Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plugged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings.
Which kind of game may be wholesome for kids?

A.A game with limited episode.
B.A game according with their nature.
C.A game testing cognitive level.
D.A game promoting brain development.

共用题干
第一篇

Computer Literacy

There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work,just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine（内燃机）has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons（活塞）being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do.Further,students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy（读写能力）。It is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.
Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers.But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun,and while our society needs some people who are experts at it,the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.
Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult,and it gets easier all the time as programs become more"user-friendly".Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen.What does the phrase"learning to use a computer" mean? It sounds like"learning to drive a car",that is,it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that,once acquired,enable one to use a computer.
In fact,"learning to use a computer" is much more like"learning to play a game",but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game,whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program.

To be the competent citizens of tomorrow,people should_______.
A:try to lay a solid foundation in computer science
B:be aware of how the things that they use do what they do,
C:learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D:understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car

共用题干
Benefits of Playing Games

1.Why play games?Because they are fun,and have more benefits.Following the rules…planning your next move…acting as a team member…these are all"game"ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
2.Think about some of the games you played as a young child,such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek.Such games are entertaining and fun.But perhaps more importantly,they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives,such as taking turns and cooperating（合作）.
3.Many children's games have a practical side.Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups.For instance,some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones,which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.
4.Many sports encourage national or local pride.The most famous games of all,the Olympic Games,bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition.People who are watching the event and waving flags know that a gold medal is a win for an entire country,not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war,an Olympic win can mean so much.
5.Sports are also an event that unites people.Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it一some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne,a Californian soccer player,has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
6.Next time you play your favorite game or sport,think about why you enjoy it,what skills are needed,and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

Through soccer a Californian soccer player has discovered a way to spread_______.
A:hope
B:cooperating
C:brave
D:coordination
E:grown-ups
F:competition

请阅读Passage 2，完成题：
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres.
The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were'Plafformers' and 'Beat-them-ups'. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children's cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children's everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive 'yells' at the screen. It is not only the'Beat-them-up' games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their'lives' and'die' just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words'Game over' appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming'addictive': the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have'one last go' in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.

According to the second paragraph, how does violence relate to playing computer games?
查看材料

A．When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.
B．Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violent behavior.
C．People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.
D．The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.

请阅读Passage 2，完成题：
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres.
The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were'Plafformers' and 'Beat-them-ups'. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform,avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children's cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children's everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive 'yells' at the screen. It is not only the'Beat-them-up' games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their'lives' and'die' just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words'Game over' appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming'addictive': the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have'one last go' in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.

What does "unscathed" (Para. 1) probably mean?
查看材料

A．unsettled
B．unbeaten
C．unharmed
D．unhappy

The passage is mainly about__________.

A.what has brought about less working time
B.why employees want to make more money
C.why employees have less leisure time
D.what a good employee should be like

The first true piece of sports equipment that man invented was the ball.
In ancient Egypt,as everywhere,pitching stones was a favorite children's game．But a badly thrown rock could hurt a child．Looking for something less dangerous to throw,the Egyptians made what were probably the first balls.
At first,balls were made of grass or leaves held together by vines．Later they were made of piece of animal skin sewed together and stuffed with feathers or hay.
Even though the Egyptians were warlike,they found time for peaceful games．Before long they had developed a number of ball games,each with its own set of rules．Perhaps they played ball more for instruction than for fun．Ball playing was thought of mainly as a way to teach young men the speed and skill they would need for war.

The ball was probably invented because__．

A.throwing stones often caused injuries
B.throwing stones was not fun
C.games with stones did not have rules
D.rocks were too heavy to throw

共用题干
Benefits of Playing Games

1.Why play games?Because they are fun,and have more benefits.Following the rules…planning your next move…acting as a team member…these are all"game"ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
2.Think about some of the games you played as a young child,such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek.Such games are entertaining and fun.But perhaps more importantly,they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives,such as taking turns and cooperating（合作）.
3.Many children's games have a practical side.Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups.For instance,some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones,which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.
4.Many sports encourage national or local pride.The most famous games of all,the Olympic Games,bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition.People who are watching the event and waving flags know that a gold medal is a win for an entire country,not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war,an Olympic win can mean so much.
5.Sports are also an event that unites people.Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it一some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne,a Californian soccer player,has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
6.Next time you play your favorite game or sport,think about why you enjoy it,what skills are needed,and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

Paragraph 5_______
A:What Is the Meaning of Games in National or Local Level?
B:Why Games Can Have Practical Side?
C:Why Parents Should Support Their Children to Play Games?
D:How Games Influence Children's Lives?
E:What Should You Think About Before Playing?
F: What Soccer Can Bring to People?

共用题干
Benefits of Playing Games

1.Why play games?Because they are fun,and have more benefits.Following the rules…planning your next move…acting as a team member…these are all"game"ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
2.Think about some of the games you played as a young child,such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek.Such games are entertaining and fun.But perhaps more importantly,they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives,such as taking turns and cooperating（合作）.
3.Many children's games have a practical side.Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups.For instance,some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones,which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.
4.Many sports encourage national or local pride.The most famous games of all,the Olympic Games,bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition.People who are watching the event and waving flags know that a gold medal is a win for an entire country,not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war,an Olympic win can mean so much.
5.Sports are also an event that unites people.Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it一some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne,a Californian soccer player,has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
6.Next time you play your favorite game or sport,think about why you enjoy it,what skills are needed,and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

Children play games that prepare them for work they will do as_______.
A:hope
B:cooperating
C:brave
D:coordination
E:grown-ups
F:competition

共用题干
Benefits of Playing Games

1.Why play games?Because they are fun,and have more benefits.Following the rules…planning your next move…acting as a team member…these are all"game"ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
2.Think about some of the games you played as a young child,such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek.Such games are entertaining and fun.But perhaps more importantly,they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives,such as taking turns and cooperating（合作）.
3.Many children's games have a practical side.Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups.For instance,some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones,which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.
4.Many sports encourage national or local pride.The most famous games of all,the Olympic Games,bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition.People who are watching the event and waving flags know that a gold medal is a win for an entire country,not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war,an Olympic win can mean so much.
5.Sports are also an event that unites people.Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it一some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne,a Californian soccer player,has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
6.Next time you play your favorite game or sport,think about why you enjoy it,what skills are needed,and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.

Saudi Arabian game called bones sharpens the hand-eye ________needed in hunting.
A:hope
B:cooperating
C:brave
D:coordination
E:grown-ups
F:competition