共用题干 第一篇Technology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from s
题目
共用题干
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的)
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger r
ole in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the
fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的)
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger r
ole in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the
fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.
The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A:Asia.
B: U.S.A.
C:Europe.
D:Africa.
A:Asia.
B: U.S.A.
C:Europe.
D:Africa.
相似考题
参考答案和解析
答案：C
解析：
更多“共用题干 第一篇Technology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from s”相关问题
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第1题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的）
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U. S. and Asia.The word"expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by
A:"experts".
B:"scientists".
C:"scholars".
D:"special knowledge".答案：D解析： -
第2题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的）
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U. S. and Asia.The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A:Asia.
B:USA.
C:Europe.
D:Africa.答案：C解析： -
第3题：
共用题干
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的)
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger r
ole in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the
fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.The word"expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by
A:"experts".
B:"scientists".
C:"scholars".
D:"special knowledge".答案：D解析： -
第4题：
共用题干
Microchip Research Center Created
A research center has been______(51)in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip pro-duction technology.The center,which will start out with about US$14 million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.
The center will make use of its research skills and______(52)to develop new technology for ______(53)chip plants.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the______(54)that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries,said the country's flagship chipmaker.______(55),chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don't allowthem to______(56)the most advanced technologies,fearing they will be used for______(57) purposes.Moreover,the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important ______(58)for their decision of self-reliance.
As mainstream chip production technology______(59)from one generation to the next every three to five years,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs,while plants with ______(60)equipment,which often cost billions of dollars to build,will be______(61)by the maker.
More than 10 chip plants are being built,each costing millions of US dollars.The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment______(62)and technology owners-mainly______(63)Japan and Singapore.
Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small.This country is developing______(64)technologies.Most of the investment will be spent on setting______(65)with technology and intellectual property owners.57._________
A:military
B:social
C:industrial
D:economic答案：A解析：研究中心的建立应该用set up（建立，设立，创办）来表示，其他选项都不能表示建立的意思。 make up组成，弥补北妆，编造；put up举起，张贴，提高；hold up举起，支撑。
研究中心研发新技术，用的应该是研究技巧和相关设施。facility设施，设备；furniture家具；faculty能力，才能，全体教职工；factory工厂，制造厂。
根据常理可知，研究中心研究新科技，服务的对象应该是国内的芯片厂。docile温顺的，驯服的；domestic家用的，国内的；domicile住所，永久住处，定居地；foreign国外的。
本句中that引导的定语从句表明，远东国家的芯片厂从别国购买几乎过时的技术。这是一种处境或者情况，选项中只有situation能表达这个意思。sight景物，景象；skeleton骨架，骨骼，梗概；scene场面，现场，景象。
结合上下文可知，该句描述的是目前芯片厂的处境，因此选择D项。traditionally传统上；surprisingly令人吃惊地，令人惊讶地；conventionally按照惯例，照老例；currently目前，当前。
根据常理可知，外国政府不允许别的国家从他们国家进口最先进的技术。外国政府不能阻止别的国家发明或创造先进技术，而别的国家又没有先进技术可供出口，根据排除法也可知D项正确。create创造；export出口；invent发明；import进口。
外国政府之所以不让别的国家进口最先进的技术，是因为害怕他们用于军事目的。military军事的，军用的；social社会的，社交的；industrial工业的，产业的；economic经济的，经济学的。
reason后跟for表示“……的原因”。根据空格后的介词for可知，高额的licensing fees是他们决定是否依靠自己的原因之一。affect影响，假装，感动；effect影响，效果，印象；result结果，后果；reason原因，理由。
该分句主要讲的是主流芯片生产技术的更新换代，四个选项中只有shift能够表示技术的更新换代。transport运送，运输；control控制；shift（意见、情况、政策）有所变动，变换，改变，常与from…to…连用；turn转动，旋转。
根据空格前一句中的“new technology”与转折连词“while"，可知空格处的词的意思与new相对，只有outdated符合条件。outdated过时的，旧时的，落伍的；outgoing爱交际的，友好的，外向的；outward向外的，朝外面的；fashionable流行的，时尚的，时髦的。
由常理可知，设备落伍的工厂将被边缘化。march前进，进军，进展；margi nalize使处于社会的边缘，忽视，排斥；mark做标记，留下痕迹；smash粉碎，撞击，打碎。
大部分钱财应该是流向海外的设备经销商，vendor有“商贩，经销商”的意思。venture冒险，冒险事业，冒险行动；buyer买家，买主，买方；customer客户，主顾。
该句子主要对设备供应商和技术拥有者的国籍进行说明，用from来表示这些人来自日本和新加坡。to 向，朝着，表示方向；on在……之上，表示位置；from来自……，表示来源；about关于，表示对象。
这个句子的大意是：这个国家正在发展综合技术。comprehensive全面的，综合的；perspective透视画法；aggressive好斗的，挑衅的；conclusive决定性的，确凿的。
这个句子的大意是：大部分投资将用于与技术人员和知识产权所有者建立联盟。agreement协定，协议；motivation动力，动机；together同时，在一起；alliance同盟，联盟，联姻。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Coming Soon to a Theater Near You!
What are special effects?Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐 龙）from the distant past!Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned （使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present,with dramatic changes in special-effects technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic (ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera,moved slightly,shot again,and so on .When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move.)
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）( CG ) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example, and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point,Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.Today's film makers emphasize special effects at the expense of the story.
A: Right
B:Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段开始是The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，该判断正确。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology... behind these changes is...ILM"，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10 , he had an 8 millimeter movie camera... move through stop-mo-tion"，特写是不动的影像，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用特写镜头时，" When the shots are put together , the objects appear to move"，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do... that movies can tell stories better than ever before"，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before"，后面还有“this may very well be true"，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Special Effects
What are special effects? Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐龙） from the distant past?Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned（使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present, with dramatic changes in special-effects
technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic(ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At 10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera, moved slightly,shot again,and so on.When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move. )
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）(CG) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example,and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point, Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the Stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.The special-effects revolution began in the mid 1980s with Star Wars.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段开始是“The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars”，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，不是20世纪80年代，所以，该判断错误。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology...behind these changes is...ILM”，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10, he had an 8 millimeter movie camera ...move through stop-motion”，而题干中所说的运用计算机图形技术是他后来做的事，不是在10岁，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用定格拍摄时，“When the shots are put together, the objects appear to move”，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do…that movies can tell stories better than ever before”，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before”，后面还有“this may very well be true”，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Coming Soon to a Theater Near You!
What are special effects?Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐 龙）from the distant past!Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned （使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present,with dramatic changes in special-effects technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic (ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera,moved slightly,shot again,and so on .When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move.)
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）( CG ) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example, and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point,Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.At the age of 10,Muren was able to use computer graphics technology to make things move.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段开始是The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，该判断正确。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology... behind these changes is...ILM"，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10 , he had an 8 millimeter movie camera... move through stop-mo-tion"，特写是不动的影像，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用特写镜头时，" When the shots are put together , the objects appear to move"，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do... that movies can tell stories better than ever before"，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before"，后面还有“this may very well be true"，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Coming Soon to a Theater Near You!
What are special effects?Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐 龙）from the distant past!Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned （使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present,with dramatic changes in special-effects technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic (ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera,moved slightly,shot again,and so on .When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move.)
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）( CG ) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example, and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point,Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.Muren feels that with CG technology,special effects can be used to make movies more expensive.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段开始是The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，该判断正确。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology... behind these changes is...ILM"，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10 , he had an 8 millimeter movie camera... move through stop-mo-tion"，特写是不动的影像，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用特写镜头时，" When the shots are put together , the objects appear to move"，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do... that movies can tell stories better than ever before"，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before"，后面还有“this may very well be true"，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第9题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline,it still has an enviable record for turning
ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without
its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting
basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts
thinking like an entrepreneur（企业家）, the argument goes, then the traditional
principles of university research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will
suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a
waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go
bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology
transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S.and Asia.The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by
A:"experts".
B:"scientists".
C:"scholars".
D:"special knowledge".答案：D解析： -
第10题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline,it still has an enviable record for turning
ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without
its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting
basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts
thinking like an entrepreneur（企业家）, the argument goes, then the traditional
principles of university research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will
suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a
waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go
bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology
transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S.and Asia.What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A:Technology transfer.
B:Good management.
C:Hard work.
D:Fierce competition.答案：A解析： -
第11题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline,it still has an enviable record for turning
ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without
its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting
basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts
thinking like an entrepreneur（企业家）, the argument goes, then the traditional
principles of university research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will
suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a
waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go
bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology
transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S.and Asia.Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A:It is free.
B:It is profit-driven.
C:It is widely available.
D:It is curiosity-driven.答案：B解析： -
第12题：
单选题An example of a product which might well has been advertised during the early stages of the Industrial Revolution is _____.Aa cooking utensil
Bnew child’s toy
Ctinned fruit
Dhousehold soap
正确答案： C解析：
由Excerpt 2可知，在工业革命初期，广告主要用来推销新奇产品和边缘产品，而不包括后来通过加工而成的产品。故B项为正确答案。 -
第13题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的）
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U. S. and Asia.What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A:Technology transfer.
B:Good management.
C:Hard work.
D:Fierce competition.答案：A解析： -
第14题：
共用题干
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的)
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger r
ole in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the
fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A:In 1940.
B:Last year.
C:After the unification.
D:In 1949.答案：D解析： -
第15题：
共用题干
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的)
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger r
ole in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the
fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A:Technology transfer.
B:Good management.
C:Hard work.
D:Fierce competition.答案：A解析： -
第16题：
共用题干
第一篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline , it still has an enviable（令人羡慕的)
record for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger r
ole in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies,
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without its
critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic
science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an
entrepreneur（企业家）,the argument goes , then the traditional principles of university
research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will suffer.Others claim that
many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half
the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the
fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S. and Asia.Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A:It is free.
B:It is profit-driven.
C:It is widely available.
D:It is curiosity-driven,答案：B解析： -
第17题：
共用题干
Coming Soon to a Theater Near You!
What are special effects?Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐 龙）from the distant past!Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned （使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present,with dramatic changes in special-effects technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic (ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera,moved slightly,shot again,and so on .When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move.)
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）( CG ) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example, and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point,Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.By the stop-motion process,many separate shots can be combined into a single image.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段开始是The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，该判断正确。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology... behind these changes is...ILM"，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10 , he had an 8 millimeter movie camera... move through stop-mo-tion"，特写是不动的影像，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用特写镜头时，" When the shots are put together , the objects appear to move"，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do... that movies can tell stories better than ever before"，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before"，后面还有“this may very well be true"，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Special Effects
What are special effects? Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐龙） from the distant past?Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned（使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present, with dramatic changes in special-effects
technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic(ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At 10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera, moved slightly,shot again,and so on.When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move. )
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）(CG) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example,and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point, Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the Stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.Dennis Muren started his schooling at a very early age.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：文章第二段开始是“The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars”，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，不是20世纪80年代，所以，该判断错误。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology...behind these changes is...ILM”，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10, he had an 8 millimeter movie camera ...move through stop-motion”，而题干中所说的运用计算机图形技术是他后来做的事，不是在10岁，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用定格拍摄时，“When the shots are put together, the objects appear to move”，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do…that movies can tell stories better than ever before”，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before”，后面还有“this may very well be true”，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Special Effects
What are special effects? Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐龙） from the distant past?Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned（使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present, with dramatic changes in special-effects
technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic(ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At 10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera, moved slightly,shot again,and so on.When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move. )
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）(CG) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example,and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point, Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the Stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.At the age of 10,Muren was able to use computer graphics technology to make things move.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段开始是“The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars”，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，不是20世纪80年代，所以，该判断错误。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology...behind these changes is...ILM”，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10, he had an 8 millimeter movie camera ...move through stop-motion”，而题干中所说的运用计算机图形技术是他后来做的事，不是在10岁，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用定格拍摄时，“When the shots are put together, the objects appear to move”，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do…that movies can tell stories better than ever before”，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before”，后面还有“this may very well be true”，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Special Effects
What are special effects? Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐龙） from the distant past?Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned（使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present, with dramatic changes in special-effects
technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic(ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At 10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera, moved slightly,shot again,and so on.When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move. )
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）(CG) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example,and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point, Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the Stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.By the stop-motion process,many separate shots can be combined into a single image.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：文章第二段开始是“The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars”，表明这场革命始于20世纪70年代，不是20世纪80年代，所以，该判断错误。
第二段第二句提到“with dramatic changes in special-effects technology...behind these changes is...ILM”，由此推断结论正确。
第三段虽然提到了很小就对电影产生了兴趣，但文章并没有涉及他是否很早就上学了，所以选C。
第三段中间有“At 10, he had an 8 millimeter movie camera ...move through stop-motion”，而题干中所说的运用计算机图形技术是他后来做的事，不是在10岁，所以该判断错误。
文章第三段提到，利用“CG technology”可以使不同的镜头组合成一个图像，而当利用定格拍摄时，“When the shots are put together, the objects appear to move”，当不同的特写组合到一起时，物体似乎在移动，所以选B。
文章最后一段“special effects can be used to do…that movies can tell stories better than ever before”，即特效可以更好地用来讲故事，但没有提及是否使得电影的造价提高，因此选C。
最后一段说到特效可以“tell stories better than ever before”，后面还有“this may very well be true”，我们无从判断今天的电影人是否为了特效而特效，不关心电影的故事，因此选C。 -
第21题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline,it still has an enviable record for turning
ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without
its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting
basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts
thinking like an entrepreneur（企业家）, the argument goes, then the traditional
principles of university research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will
suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a
waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go
bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology
transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S.and Asia.When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A:In 1940.
B:Last year.
C:After the unification.
D:In 1949.答案：D解析： -
第22题：
共用题干
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success,few nations can
match Germany.Since the 1940s,the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a
constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperity
（繁荣）has faltered（衰退）over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east
and west as well as the global economic decline,it still has an enviable record for turning
ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research
institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies.
But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger
role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts
are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up
companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success,but it is not without
its critics.These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting
basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas.If every scientist starts
thinking like an entrepreneur（企业家）, the argument goes, then the traditional
principles of university research being curiosity-driven,free and widely available will
suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a
waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go
bankrupt within a few years.
While this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research
networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is
the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology
transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for
applied technology,and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people.It continues to grow.
Last year,it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in
Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the U.S.and Asia.The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
A:Asia.
B:U.S.A.
C:Europe.
D:Africa.答案：C解析： -
第23题：
问答题Practice 2 The miracle silicon chip represents a development in the technology of mankind that over the past few years has acquired the force and significance associated with the development of hand tools or the discovery of the steam engine. Just as the Industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’ s muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of tedious work from the human brain and thereby expanding the mind’s capacities in ways that man has only begun to grasp. With the chip, remarkable achievements of memory and execution become possible in everything from farms to banks to corporate offices.正确答案：
【参考译文】
神奇的硅片代表了(体现了)人类技术的进步,近年来这种技术进步获得的发展动力和重要性与手工工具和蒸汽机的发明相关。正如工业(产业)革命使人类摆脱了各种各样的体力劳动并极大地提高了生产效率一样,微型计算机正在快速地代替人脑完成繁重而乏味的工作,因此拓宽了大脑的能力,而拓宽的方式人类刚刚开始领会。利用硅片,在任何领域都有可能取得信息储存和执行方面的杰出成就,不论是农场、银行还是公司的办公室。解析： 暂无解析