共用题干 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized examp
题目
共用题干
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
6._________
A: shorter
B: longer
C: simpler
D: stranger
A: shorter
B: longer
C: simpler
D: stranger
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更多“共用题干 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized examp”相关问题
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第1题：
Reading Comprehension
Directions:There are two passages in this part．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D． Youshould decide on the best choice．
Questions 56- 60 are based on Passage One:
Passage One
The largest earthquake (magnitude里氏9．5)of the 20th century happened on May 22,1960 0ff the coast of South Central Chile．
It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunami（海啸）． Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isla Chiloe．The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe-the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中)．Huge tsuna- mi waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within l0 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland．
There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile's top industrial city．Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people． At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed． A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed-one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless．
Total damage losses, including agriculture and industry, were estimated(估计） to be over a half billion dollars． The total number of deaths related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region． Estimates of deaths reached between 490 and 57,002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami． However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami．
Where did the largest tsunami damage occur? ( )
A． Concepcion
B． Isia Chiloe
C． Valdivia
D． Valparaiso
正确答案：B
B[解析]通过文章第二段“The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe —the coastal area closest to the epicenter（震中）．”可知本题答案为B。 -
第2题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.According to the passage,the amount of radon(Rn)in the water may______before earthquake.
A:increase
B:reduce
C:not change
D:disappear答案：A解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第3题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.Who watch animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes?
A:People in most countries.
B:The Chinese.
C:The Japanese.
D:Both B and C.答案：B解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第4题：
共用题干
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.5._________
A: ascend
B: compact
C: collapse
D: recover答案：C解析：前文说到日本的俯冲带地震是massive（巨大的），而且砂土液化到达一个 significant level。根据上述描述，选D项widespread“分布广泛的”修饰severity是正确的。其他三个选项不符合句意。所以答案为D。
本句由but连接并列的两个分句组成。第一个分句提到以前也发生过地震引发的砂土液化的现象，但涉及范围较小。第二个分句通过but语气一转，说明这次地震造成的破坏是罕见的。很显然，选C项extent“程度”与distance“距离，范围”合用说明破坏的程度和范围是符合上下文意思的。所以答案为C。
在The shifts in soil destroyed water, sewer and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to…中，these communities need to…是定语从句，指代utilities和infrastructure的关系代词which在定语从句中起宾语作用，被省略了。need后面的动词不定式的逻辑主语是which，也就是utilities and infrastructure。从意思上看，这些社区需要这些公用事业设备和基础设施发挥功能（function)。选A项function 是对的。其他选项都不合适。
浸了水的砂土，特别是新近的沉积土、沙土等失去的不会是durability“耐用性”和ability“能力”，也不会是泛泛的property“性质”，而是strength“强度”。所以答案为B。
浸了水的砂土强度降低或消失。砂土随水流动，就会引发建筑物移位 (shift）或下沉（sink)。再发展下去，建筑物就会倒塌( collapse)。因此C项collapse是答案。 ascend“上升”, compact“压实”, recover“复原”，都不符合句意。
地震持续的时间一般为数十秒。这次日本地震的时间长达5分钟。所以本题要填入的词应该是A项shorter，说明大多数地震的持续时间比最近在日本发生的地震要短。
从意思上看，选C项how是正确的。when structures、 what structures或 which structures意思明显不通。
第三段第二句出现particularly recent sediment...。recent sediment浸水后就失去了强度。这提示了本题要选D项recently，因为建立在新近填就的土壤上的建筑物是最经不起地震的。
分析日本大地震得出的数据不会令科学家获得有关soil development（土壤发展）、 soil formation（土壤形成）或soil composition（土壤构成）这些方面的知识。若选phe-nomenon，意思就是科学家的研究分析有助于他们了解到土壤浸水后的这类现象，以便做好防备，对付未来可能发生的同类现象。上下文意思很连贯，因此B项phenomenon是正确答案。
选unless、 until或after都不合逻辑。本句意为：重建工作首先要清理废墟，这样地震现场就被破坏了。所以科学家要赶在重建工作开始之前收集好（有关）地震的资料。因此D项before是答案。
本句意为：科学家无疑会从日本大地震中学到不少东西，从而有助于降低今后发生类似的地震时的风险。四个选项中只有C项events合适。similar events指的是“类似的（地震）事件”。findings“调查结果”、locations“地点”或sources“来源”，都不符合句意。
本句解释“young”这个词在地质学中的含义。句中的those指代sedi-ments。 “young” sediments指那些年代少于或略超过一万年的sediments。 deposit意为“沉积”，与句子意思匹配，是答案。其他三个选项，词义离题很远，只是词形与deposit有点相似，起干扰作用而已，它们不是答案。
上一段说，younger soils是非常脆弱的。本句的anything指的是soils。哪些地方的soils是疑似高危对象呢？如果指soils from/nside/over river and old flood plains 是不合常理的。正确的选择应该是near，靠近河流和原洪泛区的土壤才是危险地区。因此A 项near是答案。
加固危桥的目的是为了防止坍塌。所以A项prevent（防止）是答案。
在3月11日的日本大地震中，震区的建筑物倾料、下沉，但、没有倒塌。建筑上的什么因素起到了防塌的作用呢？ 当然不会是construction styles“建筑风格”、construc- tion sites“建筑工地”或construction facilities“建筑设备”。 日本的construction standards“建筑标准”才是防塌的关键因素。因此D项standards是答案。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake
1.Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.
2.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault."We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,"said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to deter-mine the future possibility of similar large shocks.
3.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.
4.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion,she said.Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would pro-duce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa,the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik.This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.Ms.Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。根据题目中的提到的overlook和fault，使用关键词定位法，定位到文章第一段话：" Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.”公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的一直被人忽视的断层，每隔800年就有可能就引发一次强地震和海啸。这与本题所描述的“科学家已经仔细研究了这个此前一直被忽略的断层”相符，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。选择题目中较独特的短语“AD 365”作为关键词进行信息定位，找到文章第三段第一句话：" Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region , Ms.Shaw said.”肖女士说：对于地中海地区上千万的居民来说，确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常重要。这与本题所描述的“确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常有趣”相悖，所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题题干为：“放射性碳年代测定技术可以用于确定地球的年龄。”全文没有提到radiocarbon dating techniques可用来确定地球的年龄。所以选C。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择题干的关键词“next powerful earthquake"，定位到文章第三段第二句话：" The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years , she added in a telephone interview.”她在一次电话访问中补充说：克里特岛西南海岸附近的断层最后一次引发足以引起海啸的大地震是在公元1300年左右，这就意味着下一次强地震将在未来的100年中出现。这与本题所描述的“科学家预测下一次强地震将在2100年以前出现”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择“Ms.Shaw'，这个称呼使用专有名词定位法进行定位，找到第四段第一句："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to gauge how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。这与本题所描述的“肖女士让她的同事帮她做地震的预测工作”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。题干的意思是：“肖女士和她的研究组测量了断层两侧的震动强度，确定了公元365年地震的震级。”原文中与之相关的信息出现在第四段第一句中："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。由于所表述的行为目的不同，这句恰恰证明了题干上的说法是错误的。所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。题干的意思是：“由肖女士研发的地震预警装置现在在全球广泛使用。”文章中没有一句提到肖女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点，所以选C。 -
第6题：
共用题干
Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake
1.Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.
2.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault."We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,"said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to deter-mine the future possibility of similar large shocks.
3.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.
4.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion,she said.Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would pro-duce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa,the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik.This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.The fault,which was overlooked before,has been closely studied by scientists.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。根据题目中的提到的overlook和fault，使用关键词定位法，定位到文章第一段话：" Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.”公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的一直被人忽视的断层，每隔800年就有可能就引发一次强地震和海啸。这与本题所描述的“科学家已经仔细研究了这个此前一直被忽略的断层”相符，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。选择题目中较独特的短语“AD 365”作为关键词进行信息定位，找到文章第三段第一句话：" Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region , Ms.Shaw said.”肖女士说：对于地中海地区上千万的居民来说，确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常重要。这与本题所描述的“确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常有趣”相悖，所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题题干为：“放射性碳年代测定技术可以用于确定地球的年龄。”全文没有提到radiocarbon dating techniques可用来确定地球的年龄。所以选C。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择题干的关键词“next powerful earthquake"，定位到文章第三段第二句话：" The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years , she added in a telephone interview.”她在一次电话访问中补充说：克里特岛西南海岸附近的断层最后一次引发足以引起海啸的大地震是在公元1300年左右，这就意味着下一次强地震将在未来的100年中出现。这与本题所描述的“科学家预测下一次强地震将在2100年以前出现”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择“Ms.Shaw'，这个称呼使用专有名词定位法进行定位，找到第四段第一句："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to gauge how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。这与本题所描述的“肖女士让她的同事帮她做地震的预测工作”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。题干的意思是：“肖女士和她的研究组测量了断层两侧的震动强度，确定了公元365年地震的震级。”原文中与之相关的信息出现在第四段第一句中："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。由于所表述的行为目的不同，这句恰恰证明了题干上的说法是错误的。所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。题干的意思是：“由肖女士研发的地震预警装置现在在全球广泛使用。”文章中没有一句提到肖女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点，所以选C。 -
第7题：
共用题干
A Great Quake Coming?
Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area一and they
can be devastating. In 1906,for example,a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed
hundreds,perhaps thousands of people.Residents now wonder when the next"Big One"will strike.It's
bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault（断层）lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults
are places where pieces of Earth'S crust（地壳）slide past each other.When these pieces slip,the ground
shakes.
To prepare for that day,scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and pre-
diet how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.
One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists
had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes,faults rupture（断裂）at about 2.7 kilometers per second.
During bigger quakes,however.ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second.
At such high speeds,massive amounts of pressure build up,generating underground waves that can
cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco , these pressure pulses（脉冲）traveled
away from the city during the 1906 event.As bad as the damage was,it could have been far worse.
Looking ahead,scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that
earthquakes were common before 1906.Since then,the area has been relatively quiet.Patterns in the data,
however,suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62
percent.
New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes.Still,more than S4 percent of the
city’s buildings are old and weak.Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive
damage.
People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a
while.According to the new research,however,it's not a matter of"if" the Rig One will hit.It',just a mat-
ter of when.A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：短文第一段的倒数第兰句提到至少有7条地质断层线穿越旧金山。
短文虽然说旧金山大地震的破坏力非常大，但没有明确指出其程度是美国历史之最。
从第兰段最后一句话可知答案。
第五段的第二句话提到1906年前地震频繁。
倒数第二段提到：城里超过84％的建筑是旧的、不坚固的。所以旧金山并没有为地震做好准备。
第五段的最后一句话说科学家们顶测地震发生的概率荃少为62%，但是这并不意味着 科学家们就能预测出准确的时间，最后一段也只说明这是个时间问题，而没有说出具体时间。
短文末尾提到：问题已不再是“是否”将会发生大地震，而是“什么时候”会发生。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第8题：
共用题干
Earthquake Insurance
1.Earthquake insurance is a form of homeowners' insurance which deals with damage caused by earthquakes.In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earthquake,people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies.As a general rule,earthquake insurance is not a part of standard insurance policies,and it must be purchased separately.
2.Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home,ranging from complete destruction to damage which causes the building to become structurally unsound.Indirect damage caused by neigh-boring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur,as can more bizarre forms of earthquake damage,like winding up with a car in the living room or a sinkhole in the back yard.Fires and flooding are also common problems in the wake of earthquakes.
3.When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance,they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage,like a fire caused by broken gas lines.More commonly,the insurance only covers structural damage caused directly by the earthquake.The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure,or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage.Some policies also cover damaged property like cars,and they may provide living allowances so that the residents of the home can temporarily relocate for the duration of the repairs.
4.This type of homeowners' insurance is prone to adverse selection,in which only people in high risk areas purchase the insurance.The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers,making potential payouts very expensive.For this reason, earthquake insurance often has a high deductible,and it can he very expensive.
5.Recognizing the need for earthquake insurance,some governments have provided subsidies for earthquake insurance,to reduce the stress on insurance companies.Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully,and there may be stringent requirements for a homeowner to purchase earthquake insurance.For example,a home may need to be retrofitted for earthquake safety, reducing the amount of damage which will be incurred in a quake.For low-income home owners, this can be very difficult,as it drives the cost of earthquake insurance out of reach,which can in turn make it difficult to get home loans,as many banks in earthquake-prone areas insist on earth-quake insurance as a condition for a loan.The insurance paid for earthquake depends on the type of insurance and______.
A:indirect damage
B:risk pools
C:government disaster funds
D:the nature of the damage
E:insurance policies
F: prices答案：D解析：第一段开宗明义，介绍地震保险是……实际上就是对地震保险下定义，很明显，就是要告诉读者什么是地震保险。所以选择D。
第二段第一句：Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home…意思是地震会给一个家庭带来各种破坏……显然是在讲地震带来的危害。B选项What damages can a earthquake cause（地震会带来什么危害）与该段表述一致。
该段第一句：When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage, like a fire caused by broken gas lines．当人们购买了地震保险之后，他们就可以规避在地震中受到的直接损失和间接损失。很显然，该段说的是地震保险的主要保障内容。因而F 选项（地震保险主要包括哪些内容）与该段意思一致。
通过第五段第二句The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers, making potential payouts very expensive可以得出，该段主要是在讲地震保险运行中的一些问题，所以A项意思与原文表达一致。
通过文中第一段第二句In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earth-quake, people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies可以得出答案为E选项（insurance policies)。
文中第二段第二句：Indirect damage caused by neighboring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur．也会发生邻居房屋或高速公路倒塌对自家房屋造成的间接破坏。可以得出选项A比较合适。
文中第三段第三句：The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure, or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage．可以从文中找到出处，所以选项D正确。
通过文中第五段第二句Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully…可以推断出选项B。 -
第9题：
共用题干
Moderate Earthquake Strikes England
A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007,toppling chim- neys from houses and rousing residents from their beds .Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.
“It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,”said the woman.
The British Geological Survey said the 4 .3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel,about 8 .5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.
Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county .Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.
“I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me.”said Hen-drick van Eck,27,of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London.“I then heard the sound of cracking,and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.”
There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year,but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magni-tude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.
The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931,measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale.British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain,including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England.However,people should not be scared too much by this prediction,Musson said,as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours be-fore it takes place .This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the mini-mum.It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.
A: moderate earthquakes often strike London in the history
B: earthquake warming system of Britain can predict the forthcoming quake
C: another earthquake is predicted to occur in England
D: the French also felt the earthquake taking place on 28,April 2007答案：C解析：根据最后一段第一句“The country’s strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931...”可知，英国的最大地震发生于1931年。故本题选A。
由该句可以知道，地震时墙壁断裂。因此烟囱就会倒塌。collapse意为“倒塌”，与fall apart意义相近。故选A。
通读全文可知，文章前六段都在讲2007年4月28日发生的这次地震，因此this scale指的就是这次地震的“4 .3-magnitude”。
根据第三段的“....and was centered under the English Channel...”可知，D项错误。由第一段“Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County.”可知，A项正确；根据第四段第二句可知，震感持续了10-15秒，B项正确；从第五段的描述中可知，C 项正确。因此本题选D。
根据最后一段的“Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England.”可知，C项正确。 -
第10题：
问答题Earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and the shifting of large sections of the earth's rocky outer shell.正确答案：解析： -
第11题：
单选题The mayor made a radio _____ for help for the victims of the violent earthquake which caused great damage.Aappeal
Bfailure
Cobjection
Dsupport
正确答案： A解析：
句意：市长在广播中呼吁大家来帮助那些在重大破坏的大地震中的受害者。appeal呼吁，四个选项中只有appeal可以与for搭配。objection反对，通常与to连用。support支撑，扶持。 -
第12题：
A tsunami is caused by a(n) ______.
A.tidal wave
B.storm surge caused by a hurricane or tropical storm
C.earthquake on the ocean's floor
D.tornado
正确答案：C
-
第13题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.Why are building structures a major concern for people?
A:Because they can make buildings pleasing to people's eyes.
B:Because people are often killed by falling buildings in earthquakes.
C:Because sometimes they are costly.
D:Because people want to cut budget by designing new types of buildings.答案：B解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第14题：
共用题干
第一篇
How to Do with Earthquake?
Ideally,people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will
be.In both Japan and China,people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements.The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes.For example,the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake,hens' behavior changes一they refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot,even normally quiet dogs.Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan,there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Certain birds,like pigeons,also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake.
Perhaps most interesting,and most easily measured,is a chemical change in ground water before a quake.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon(Rn)in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake.
People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.After all,most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.Therefore,building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern.Steel seems to be the best material,but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure.
Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint,an I-joint,which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also,to prevent property damage,architects now design buildings so that the building's columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength,and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil.In addition,many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls.Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel.
Besides working to improve building structures,people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake.They should regularly check and reinforce their homes,place heavy objects in low positions,attach cupboards and cabinets to walls,and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.What should people do to prepare for earthquakes?
A:Check and reinforce their homes.
B:Place light objects in low positions.
C:Build strong roofs and light walls.
D:Attach doors to walls.答案：A解析：文章第一段告诉我们“中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号”。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第一段提到选项A、B、C，只有选项D表述不正确，因为地震前狗会大叫，即使平时安静的狗也一样。
文章第二段说“the amount of radon ( Rn ) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake"，单词wax的含义是“increase“，因此只有选项A是正确的。
文章第三段说“most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings"，因此人们关心建筑物的结构是否结实，以保证地震中人们的安全，所以只有选项B是正确的。
根据文章最后一段，我们知道选项B、D都不正确，而文章第四段告诉我们选项C应该是build strong walls and light roofs，因此C项也是错误的。最后一段第二句话告诉我们只有选项A的表述是正确的。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake
1.Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.
2.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault."We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,"said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to deter-mine the future possibility of similar large shocks.
3.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.
4.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion,she said.Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would pro-duce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa,the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik.This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.Ms.Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。根据题目中的提到的overlook和fault，使用关键词定位法，定位到文章第一段话：" Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.”公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的一直被人忽视的断层，每隔800年就有可能就引发一次强地震和海啸。这与本题所描述的“科学家已经仔细研究了这个此前一直被忽略的断层”相符，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。选择题目中较独特的短语“AD 365”作为关键词进行信息定位，找到文章第三段第一句话：" Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region , Ms.Shaw said.”肖女士说：对于地中海地区上千万的居民来说，确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常重要。这与本题所描述的“确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常有趣”相悖，所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题题干为：“放射性碳年代测定技术可以用于确定地球的年龄。”全文没有提到radiocarbon dating techniques可用来确定地球的年龄。所以选C。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择题干的关键词“next powerful earthquake"，定位到文章第三段第二句话：" The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years , she added in a telephone interview.”她在一次电话访问中补充说：克里特岛西南海岸附近的断层最后一次引发足以引起海啸的大地震是在公元1300年左右，这就意味着下一次强地震将在未来的100年中出现。这与本题所描述的“科学家预测下一次强地震将在2100年以前出现”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择“Ms.Shaw'，这个称呼使用专有名词定位法进行定位，找到第四段第一句："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to gauge how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。这与本题所描述的“肖女士让她的同事帮她做地震的预测工作”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。题干的意思是：“肖女士和她的研究组测量了断层两侧的震动强度，确定了公元365年地震的震级。”原文中与之相关的信息出现在第四段第一句中："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。由于所表述的行为目的不同，这句恰恰证明了题干上的说法是错误的。所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。题干的意思是：“由肖女士研发的地震预警装置现在在全球广泛使用。”文章中没有一句提到肖女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点，所以选C。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake
1.Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.
2.Using radiocarbon dating techniques,simulations and computer models,the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault."We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,"said Ms Beth Shaw,an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge,who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to deter-mine the future possibility of similar large shocks.
3.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region,Ms.Shaw said.The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years,she added in a telephone interview.
4.Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion,she said.Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would pro-duce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa,the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik.This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta likely killing tens of thousands of people,she said.Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：C解析：本题给出的信息是正确的。根据题目中的提到的overlook和fault，使用关键词定位法，定位到文章第一段话：" Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.”公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的一直被人忽视的断层，每隔800年就有可能就引发一次强地震和海啸。这与本题所描述的“科学家已经仔细研究了这个此前一直被忽略的断层”相符，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。选择题目中较独特的短语“AD 365”作为关键词进行信息定位，找到文章第三段第一句话：" Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region , Ms.Shaw said.”肖女士说：对于地中海地区上千万的居民来说，确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常重要。这与本题所描述的“确定是断层引发了公元365年地震和海啸非常有趣”相悖，所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。本题题干为：“放射性碳年代测定技术可以用于确定地球的年龄。”全文没有提到radiocarbon dating techniques可用来确定地球的年龄。所以选C。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择题干的关键词“next powerful earthquake"，定位到文章第三段第二句话：" The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300,which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years , she added in a telephone interview.”她在一次电话访问中补充说：克里特岛西南海岸附近的断层最后一次引发足以引起海啸的大地震是在公元1300年左右，这就意味着下一次强地震将在未来的100年中出现。这与本题所描述的“科学家预测下一次强地震将在2100年以前出现”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是正确的。选择“Ms.Shaw'，这个称呼使用专有名词定位法进行定位，找到第四段第一句："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to gauge how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。这与本题所描述的“肖女士让她的同事帮她做地震的预测工作”一致，所以选A。
本题给出的信息是错误的。题干的意思是：“肖女士和她的研究组测量了断层两侧的震动强度，确定了公元365年地震的震级。”原文中与之相关的信息出现在第四段第一句中："Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion.”肖女士和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。由于所表述的行为目的不同，这句恰恰证明了题干上的说法是错误的。所以选B。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。题干的意思是：“由肖女士研发的地震预警装置现在在全球广泛使用。”文章中没有一句提到肖女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点，所以选C。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Earthquake Insurance
1.Earthquake insurance is a form of homeowners' insurance which deals with damage caused by earthquakes.In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earthquake,people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies.As a general rule,earthquake insurance is not a part of standard insurance policies,and it must be purchased separately.
2.Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home,ranging from complete destruction to damage which causes the building to become structurally unsound.Indirect damage caused by neigh-boring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur,as can more bizarre forms of earthquake damage,like winding up with a car in the living room or a sinkhole in the back yard.Fires and flooding are also common problems in the wake of earthquakes.
3.When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance,they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage,like a fire caused by broken gas lines.More commonly,the insurance only covers structural damage caused directly by the earthquake.The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure,or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage.Some policies also cover damaged property like cars,and they may provide living allowances so that the residents of the home can temporarily relocate for the duration of the repairs.
4.This type of homeowners' insurance is prone to adverse selection,in which only people in high risk areas purchase the insurance.The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers,making potential payouts very expensive.For this reason, earthquake insurance often has a high deductible,and it can he very expensive.
5.Recognizing the need for earthquake insurance,some governments have provided subsidies for earthquake insurance,to reduce the stress on insurance companies.Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully,and there may be stringent requirements for a homeowner to purchase earthquake insurance.For example,a home may need to be retrofitted for earthquake safety, reducing the amount of damage which will be incurred in a quake.For low-income home owners, this can be very difficult,as it drives the cost of earthquake insurance out of reach,which can in turn make it difficult to get home loans,as many banks in earthquake-prone areas insist on earth-quake insurance as a condition for a loan.Paragraph 3______
A:What's the Main Problem of Earthquake Insurance?
B:What Damages Can an Earthquake Cause?
C:How to Buy an Earthquake Insurance?
D:What Is an Earthquake Insurance?
E:Where Does Earthquake Happen Frequently?
F: What Does an Earthquake Insurance Contain?答案：F解析：第一段开宗明义，介绍地震保险是……实际上就是对地震保险下定义，很明显，就是要告诉读者什么是地震保险。所以选择D。
第二段第一句：Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home…意思是地震会给一个家庭带来各种破坏……显然是在讲地震带来的危害。B选项What damages can a earthquake cause（地震会带来什么危害）与该段表述一致。
该段第一句：When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage, like a fire caused by broken gas lines．当人们购买了地震保险之后，他们就可以规避在地震中受到的直接损失和间接损失。很显然，该段说的是地震保险的主要保障内容。因而F 选项（地震保险主要包括哪些内容）与该段意思一致。
通过第五段第二句The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers, making potential payouts very expensive可以得出，该段主要是在讲地震保险运行中的一些问题，所以A项意思与原文表达一致。
通过文中第一段第二句In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earth-quake, people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies可以得出答案为E选项（insurance policies)。
文中第二段第二句：Indirect damage caused by neighboring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur．也会发生邻居房屋或高速公路倒塌对自家房屋造成的间接破坏。可以得出选项A比较合适。
文中第三段第三句：The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure, or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage．可以从文中找到出处，所以选项D正确。
通过文中第五段第二句Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully…可以推断出选项B。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Earthquake Insurance
1.Earthquake insurance is a form of homeowners' insurance which deals with damage caused by earthquakes.In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earthquake,people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies.As a general rule,earthquake insurance is not a part of standard insurance policies,and it must be purchased separately.
2.Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home,ranging from complete destruction to damage which causes the building to become structurally unsound.Indirect damage caused by neigh-boring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur,as can more bizarre forms of earthquake damage,like winding up with a car in the living room or a sinkhole in the back yard.Fires and flooding are also common problems in the wake of earthquakes.
3.When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance,they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage,like a fire caused by broken gas lines.More commonly,the insurance only covers structural damage caused directly by the earthquake.The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure,or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage.Some policies also cover damaged property like cars,and they may provide living allowances so that the residents of the home can temporarily relocate for the duration of the repairs.
4.This type of homeowners' insurance is prone to adverse selection,in which only people in high risk areas purchase the insurance.The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers,making potential payouts very expensive.For this reason, earthquake insurance often has a high deductible,and it can he very expensive.
5.Recognizing the need for earthquake insurance,some governments have provided subsidies for earthquake insurance,to reduce the stress on insurance companies.Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully,and there may be stringent requirements for a homeowner to purchase earthquake insurance.For example,a home may need to be retrofitted for earthquake safety, reducing the amount of damage which will be incurred in a quake.For low-income home owners, this can be very difficult,as it drives the cost of earthquake insurance out of reach,which can in turn make it difficult to get home loans,as many banks in earthquake-prone areas insist on earth-quake insurance as a condition for a loan.Earthquakes can cause a variety of direct damage and______.
A:indirect damage
B:risk pools
C:government disaster funds
D:the nature of the damage
E:insurance policies
F: prices答案：A解析：第一段开宗明义，介绍地震保险是……实际上就是对地震保险下定义，很明显，就是要告诉读者什么是地震保险。所以选择D。
第二段第一句：Earthquakes can cause a variety of damage to a home…意思是地震会给一个家庭带来各种破坏……显然是在讲地震带来的危害。B选项What damages can a earthquake cause（地震会带来什么危害）与该段表述一致。
该段第一句：When homeowners purchase earthquake insurance, they may be protected against both direct damage,such as a structural collapse after an earthquake,and indirect damage, like a fire caused by broken gas lines．当人们购买了地震保险之后，他们就可以规避在地震中受到的直接损失和间接损失。很显然，该段说的是地震保险的主要保障内容。因而F 选项（地震保险主要包括哪些内容）与该段意思一致。
通过第五段第二句The problem with adverse selection for insurance companies is that it decreases the pool of customers, making potential payouts very expensive可以得出，该段主要是在讲地震保险运行中的一些问题，所以A项意思与原文表达一致。
通过文中第一段第二句In regions where earthquakes are especially common,homeowners may be required to carry earthquake insurance,so that in the event of an earth-quake, people rely less on government disaster funds and more on their own insurance policies可以得出答案为E选项（insurance policies)。
文中第二段第二句：Indirect damage caused by neighboring collapses of structures and freeways can also occur．也会发生邻居房屋或高速公路倒塌对自家房屋造成的间接破坏。可以得出选项A比较合适。
文中第三段第三句：The insurance may pay for a complete replacement of the structure, or a remodel, depending on the type of insurance and the nature of the damage．可以从文中找到出处，所以选项D正确。
通过文中第五段第二句Insurance companies also adjust their risk pools carefully…可以推断出选项B。 -
第19题：
共用题干
A Great Quake Coming?
Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area一and they
can be devastating. In 1906,for example,a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed
hundreds,perhaps thousands of people.Residents now wonder when the next"Big One"will strike.It's
bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault（断层）lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults
are places where pieces of Earth'S crust（地壳）slide past each other.When these pieces slip,the ground
shakes.
To prepare for that day,scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and pre-
diet how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.
One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists
had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes,faults rupture（断裂）at about 2.7 kilometers per second.
During bigger quakes,however.ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second.
At such high speeds,massive amounts of pressure build up,generating underground waves that can
cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco , these pressure pulses（脉冲）traveled
away from the city during the 1906 event.As bad as the damage was,it could have been far worse.
Looking ahead,scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur. Records show that
earthquakes were common before 1906.Since then,the area has been relatively quiet.Patterns in the data,
however,suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62
percent.
New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes.Still,more than S4 percent of the
city’s buildings are old and weak.Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive
damage.
People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a
while.According to the new research,however,it's not a matter of"if" the Rig One will hit.It',just a mat-
ter of when.Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：短文第一段的倒数第兰句提到至少有7条地质断层线穿越旧金山。
短文虽然说旧金山大地震的破坏力非常大，但没有明确指出其程度是美国历史之最。
从第兰段最后一句话可知答案。
第五段的第二句话提到1906年前地震频繁。
倒数第二段提到：城里超过84％的建筑是旧的、不坚固的。所以旧金山并没有为地震做好准备。
第五段的最后一句话说科学家们顶测地震发生的概率荃少为62%，但是这并不意味着 科学家们就能预测出准确的时间，最后一段也只说明这是个时间问题，而没有说出具体时间。
短文末尾提到：问题已不再是“是否”将会发生大地震，而是“什么时候”会发生。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第20题：
问答题The force of an earthquake depends on how much rock breaks and how far it shifts.正确答案：解析： -
第21题：
填空题Having been badly damaged by the earthquake，the city has to be (rebuild) ____.正确答案： rebuilt解析：
本题考查被动时态。句意：这座城市在地震中遭到严重破坏，所以不得不重建。句子主语city和rebuild之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，而且句中空格前的be动词已经给出，这里只需要改写为过去分词形式rebuilt。