共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carne
题目
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Choset began to build robots in high school.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
相似考题
更多“共用题干 Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carne”相关问题
-
第1题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the
idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Choset says.Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：A解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later,in high school,he built mobile robots simi-lar to small cars.”可知题干表达正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward ,left and ridit.But snakefre can twist in many direetions and travel over lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't , such as rolling."可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col- leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作更多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B。
提到Medrobotics公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第2题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the
idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Choset says.Choset began to build robots in high school.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：A解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later,in high school,he built mobile robots simi-lar to small cars.”可知题干表达正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward ,left and ridit.But snakefre can twist in many direetions and travel over lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't , such as rolling."可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col- leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作更多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B。
提到Medrobotics公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第3题：
共用题干
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on
Earth to help perlorm surgery on patients in space.
The tiny,wheeled robots,_________(1)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a
lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions（切口）and computer-controlled by
surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped_________(2)cameras and
lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that
can be_________(3)remotely.
"We think this is going to_________(4)open surgery,"Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said
at a news conference.Oleynikov is a_________(5)in computer-assisted surgery at
the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASA will teach_________(6)to use the robots soon enough so
that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves_________(7)other
locations.For example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to_________
(8)on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory
_________(9)early next year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on
humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide_________(10)of affected areas and the
ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver（操控）inside the body in ways surgeons'
hands can't.The views from the camera-carrying robots are_________(11)than the
naked eye,because they_________(12)back color images that are magnified（放大）.
Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount
and_________(13)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.
This is particularly_________( 14) to those patients who have been debilitated（使虚弱）
by long illness.
Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever
_________(15)their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's
getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices."_________(6)
A:astronauts
B:nurses
C:teachers
D:trainers答案：A解析： -
第4题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Choset began to build robots in high school.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：A解析：题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。 -
第6题：
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
What did the social robot do during the experiment?A.It followed the social robot.
B.It played with some toys.
C.It set the trapped rats free.
D.It moved around alone.答案：D解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the asocial robot和experiment定位到第三段最后一句Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.同时，不具有社交能力的机器人只能进行简单的前后左右移动。正确答案D It moved around alone.是原文的同义替换。选项A的It followed the social robot.它跟随具备社交能力的老鼠，与原文the social robot rat followed the living rats around不符，原文说的是具备社交能力的老鼠跟随真老鼠，属于张冠李戴。选项B的It played with some toys.它玩一些玩具，与原文不符，原文中说的是具备社交能力的老鼠玩同样的玩具，属于张冠李戴。选项C的It set the trapped rats free.它释放了被困的老鼠也与原文内容不符，原文说的同样是具备社交能力的老鼠，而题干问的是不具备社交能力的老鼠在实验中做了什么，属于张冠李戴。 -
第7题：
共用题干
Play
Play is the principal business of childhood,and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy,every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play,and the main tools of play are toys.Their main func- tion is to suggest,encourage and assist play.To succeed in this they must he good toys,which children will play with often,and will come back to again and again.Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach,within the range of his inherited abilities,is largely determined in the first three years of his life .So a baby's ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby,who is encouraged and stimulated,talked to and shown things and played with,has the best chance of growing up successfully.
In the next stage,from three to five years old,curiosity knows no bounds.Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child,for trying out,experimenting and learning,for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construction toys ; painting,scribbling（涂鸦）and making things;sand and water play;toys for imaginative and pretending play;the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.
By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years—the child is at school .But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning,at home or at school.It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight,play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading has been mastered,then books and schools become the main source of learning.Toys are still interesting and valuable,they lead on to new hobbies,but、their significance has changed—to a child of nine or ten years,toys and games mean,as to adults,relaxation and fun.Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?
A: Those who tend to overeat.
B:.Those who are given a lot of toys.
C: Those who are given toys,talked to and played with.
D: Those who can share their toys with their playmates.答案：C解析：这句话“…as a child grows up ,he should be given different toys”和第一段的最后一句话“…it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development”（给处于不同生长期的孩子选择合适的玩具很重要）是一样的意思。
本题的依据是第二段的第一句话，这句话中有一个介词短语：within the range of his inherited abilities，如果先抛开这个短语，句子的其余部分意为：近年对儿童成长的研究表明，孩子出生的头3年在很大程度上决定了他今后将达到的水平。但这个结论的限定是“在他遗传得到的能力范围之内”(within the range of his inherited abilities)，也就是说孩子从父母那里遗传来的能力部分地决定了他可能达到的水平。
答案的依据是第二段的最后一句话，选项C讲到的3点：given toys, talked to and played with在这句话里都可以找到：talked to and shown things and played with，只是次序稍有不同。
第三段的第一句话告诉我们，孩子3～5岁时是好奇心最强的时候，所以B : around four，四岁前后，是正确答案。
这道题的答案取决于对整篇文章的理解和把握，本文的题目是Play，第一段的第一句话就把文章的中心点出来了：…in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being．第二、第三、第四段分别讲了在1～3岁、3 ～5 岁、5～7/8岁这三个阶段玩耍对孩子成长的重要作用。 -
第8题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the
idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-
Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Clioset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later, in high school, he built mobile robots simi- lar to small ears.”可知题干表述正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling.”可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col-leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作还多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B
提到Medrobotic、公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第9题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the
idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-
Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Clioset says.Choset didn't begin developing hi、own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioiied答案：A解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later, in high school, he built mobile robots simi- lar to small ears.”可知题干表述正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling.”可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col-leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作还多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B
提到Medrobotic、公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第10题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the
idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-
Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Clioset says.Choset began to build robots in high school.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：A解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later, in high school, he built mobile robots simi- lar to small ears.”可知题干表述正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling.”可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col-leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作还多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B
提到Medrobotic、公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第11题：
"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world".
This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world.
The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age.
Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly.
Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore.
"Seasame Street"is a TV program produced mainly forA.children
B.children of school age
C.primary school teachers and pupils
D.mothers and their children答案：A解析：考情点拨:事实细节题
应试指导:从第三段可知，“芝麻街”就是少儿电视节目。 -
第12题：
"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world".
This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world.
The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age.
Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly.
Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore.
People call"Seasame Street"the longest street in the world becauseA.it isthe longest TV program ever produced
B.it took much more time to put on this program than any other one
C.it is shown almost throughout the world
D.it has been on the air since 1969答案：C解析：考情点拨:事实细节题．应试指导:从第二段可知答案为c。 -
第13题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the
idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Choset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later,in high school,he built mobile robots simi-lar to small cars.”可知题干表达正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward ,left and ridit.But snakefre can twist in many direetions and travel over lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't , such as rolling."可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col- leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作更多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B。
提到Medrobotics公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第14题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
backward , left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset'5 team programnied robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass ,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient' s chest ,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School ,to investigate the
idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Choset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later,in high school,he built mobile robots simi-lar to small cars.”可知题干表达正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward ,left and ridit.But snakefre can twist in many direetions and travel over lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't , such as rolling."可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col- leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作更多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B。
提到Medrobotics公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第15题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegio Mellon.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：A解析：题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：C解析：题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。 -
第17题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned答案：B解析：题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。 -
第18题：
共用题干
Intelligent Machines
1 Medical scientists are already putting computer chips（芯片）directly into the brain to help people
who have Parkinson's disease,but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us?Ray
Kurzweil is the author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's best
computer research scientists.He is researching the possibilities.
2 Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices.An example of this is Ramona, the virtual（虚拟的）
hostess of Kurzweil's homepage,who is programmed to understand what you say.Visitors to the site can have
their conversations with her,and Ramona also dances and sings.
3 Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities.One of his ideas is a"seeing
machine".This will be"like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world,"he explains.
Blind people will use a visual sensor（探测器）which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses.This
sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
4 Another idea,which is likely to help deaf people,is the"listening machine".This invention will
recognize millions of words and understand any speaker.The listening machine will also be able to translate
other languages,so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
5 But it is not just about helping people with disabilities.Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees
a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness into a computer.This technology probably
won't be ready for at least 50 years,but when it arrives,it means our minds will be able to live forever.Blind people will be able to see the world with_________.
A:what you say
B:a pair of sunglasses
C:the listening machine
D:a visual sensor
E:who have disabilities
F:living forever in a computer答案：B解析：短文第二段所举的例子说“她经设置可以理解你所说的话。网站的访问者可以和她谈 话，Ramona也会跳舞、唱歌”。因此“能够交流的计算机”这一标题概括了本段大意。
短文第三段主要阐述的是视觉机器，如“这机器像一个朋友一样，能够描述有形世界里 正在发生的事情……该传感器将向佩戴者描述它看到的一切”。因此F项内容概括了本段 大意。
短文第四段主要阐述的是听觉机器，因此A项内容概括了本段大意。
短文第五段主要谈到“我们将能把所有意识下载到电脑里……这意味着我们的头脑能 够永远活下去”。因此C项内容概括了本段大意。
短文第三段和第四段分别提到“Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities”和“Another idea ,which is likely to help deaf people"。因此E项内容符合文章大意。
短文第二段提到“who is programmed to understand what you say"。因此A项内容“你所 说的话”符合文章大意。
短文第三段提到“Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses"。因此B项内容符合文章大意。
短文第四段提到“The listening machine will also be able to translate other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it"。因此C项内容符合文 章大意。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇 短文讲的是英国单人帆船手Ellen MacArthur是如何取得成功的。 -
第19题：
共用题干
Robots may Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may______(51)doctors on Earth to help perform surgery on patients in space.
The______(52),wheeled robots,which are about 3 inches tall and as wide as lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions and computer-controlled by surgeons in different______(53). Some robots are equipped with______(54)and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that can be controlled______(55).
"We think this is going to replace open surgery," Dr. Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news ______(56).Oleynikov is a specialist in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASA will teach______(57)to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves from other locations.For example, the robots could enable surgeons in other places to work on injured______(58)on the front line. Researchers plan to seek federal regulatory approval early next year. Tests on______(59)have been successful,and tests on humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide views of______(60)areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver inside the body in______(61)surgeons' hands can't. The views from
the camera-carrying robots are better than the naked eye,because they send back color images that are______(62).Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount and______(63)of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease______(64)time. This is particularly helpful to those patients who have been debilitated by long illness.
______(65),Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without even placing their hands in patients' bodies."That's the goal,"Oleynikov said."It's getting easier and easier. We can do even more with these devices._________(53)
A:airports
B:wards
C:spaceships
D:locations答案：D解析：allow sb.to do sth.：允许某人做某事。此处意思为：小机器人也许能够让地球上的医生帮忙对太空中的病人进行外科手术。
紧跟其后的which are about 3 inches tall and as wide as lipstick case是用来修饰空白处的词语的，说明该机器人很小，所以选择tiny（微小的）。
airport：飞机场；ward：病房；spaceship；宇宙飞船；location：定位，位置。只有D选项符合此处意思。
经过分析，所选单词应该与后面的lights并列，结合后面提到的send images，可以断定cameras为正确选项。
根据常识进行判断，外地的医生用机器人做手术，肯定是要进行遥控，所以remotely（遥远地）是正确选项。
公开发言一般都是在会议上。meeting：聚会，会议；conference：会议，商谈；gathering：聚会；forum：论坛。可以看出，四者都有“会议”的意思，但是conference更侧重于正式的会议，所以选择B。
通过空格前面的NASA（美国国家宇航局）可以推知，astronauts（宇航员）是最佳选项。
on the front line：在前线。在前线受伤的肯定是士兵，所以A选项正确。
根据常识可知，一项新的治疗方法或者新药品首先要进行动物试验，才能投入临床应用，另外tests on animals也与后文的tests on humans相呼应。所以选择animals。
cured：治愈的；swollen:肿的；wounded：受伤的；affected：受疾病侵袭的。根据上下文可知D选项最为合适。
该句要表达的意思是，机器人能够以外科医生的手不能做到的方式进行手术操作，所以选择ways（方式，手段）。
很明显，机器人的特点是能将照片放大，便于医生观察，因此选择magnified（放大，扩大）。
通过空格前一句Because several robots can be inserted through one incision （因为许多机器人可以通过一个切口进入），可知手术的创口可以减小，所以选择C。
伤口如果减小，病人就容易恢复，所以选择recovery（恢复，复原）。
eventually：最终，最后；particularly：部分地；incidentally：偶然地；especially: 尤其。按照叙述顺序，选项A最为合适。 -
第20题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-
chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices."They're the best toys out there,"
says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,
builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals.He put motors
on Tinkertoy cars to make them move.Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars,
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to
graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’。labmates were working on
something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,
hackward, left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different
types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,"Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own
snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as
sliding and inching forward.The robot、also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling.
Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swini in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the
doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone.Recovering from these surgeries can be
very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and
sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the
idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.
A company caikd Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for g urgerie9 on people-
Even after 15 years of working with his team’s creations,"I still don't get bored of watching the motion
of my robots,"Clioset says.Zenati tested the robot on people after usinlg it in pigs.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned答案：B解析：根据第二段尤其是第二段最后一句话“Later, in high school, he built mobile robots simi- lar to small ears.”可知题干表述正确。
根据第三段倒数第二、倒数第三句话“Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain." 以及第四段第二、三句话“Choset' s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling.”可知题干表述错误。
根据第四段第一句话“After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his col-leagues there began developing their own snake robots.”和该段最后一句中的“Choset' s snake”可 推知题干表述正确。
文中没有提到Choset的机器蛇比别人做的能做更多的动作，只是说他的机器蛇比真蛇 能做的动作还多。故选C。
提到将机器蛇运用于心脏病治疗的价值的是文章的第五段，但文中只是说这可以减少 心脏病人做胸腔切开手术的痛苦，并没提到这可以节约时间。故选C。
倒数第三段提到Zenati将机器蛇应用于塑料胸腔模型，他和Choset在猪的身上作了测 试。倒数第二段说Medrobotics公司将这项技术应用到了心脏病人身上。题干表述与文章不 一致，因为Zenati并没在人身上测试该技术。故选B
提到Medrobotic、公司的只有倒数第二段，但该段只是说这个公司将机器蛇技术应用到 了外科手术上，并没提到该公司因此获得了很大的收益。故选C。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 -
第21题：
共用题干
第三篇
Almost Human?
Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction:
some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name
of an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show
human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored.
Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human
beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT,
imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental
ability of a two-year-old.
The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids
（机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be
designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public.
What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by
NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing
more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids
that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.
Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）?
Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more
people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People
will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety
of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of
technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love,
and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?What is the writer's attitude to robots in the future?
A:Critical.
B:Hostile.
C:Objective.
D:Enthusiastic.答案：C解析： -
第22题：
共用题干
第三篇
Almost Human?
Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction:
some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name
of an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show
human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored.
Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human
beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT,
imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental
ability of a two-year-old.
The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids
（机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be
designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public.
What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by
NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing
more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids
that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.
Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）?
Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more
people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People
will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety
of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of
technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love,
and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?Kismet is different from traditional robots because
A:it thinks for itself.
B:itis not like science fiction.
C:it can look after two-year-olds.
D:it seems to have human feelings.答案：D解析： -
第23题：
"SeasameStreet"has been called"the longest street in the world".
This is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts ofthe world.
The program,which went on the air in New York in 1969,uses songs,jokes,andpictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,letters and humanrelationships.More than 6 million children in the United States watch itregularly.The viewers(观众)include more than half the nation′s children before school age.
Manyteacher consider the program a great help,though some teachers find that problems happen when the first-year pupils who have learned from"SeasameStreet"are in the same class with those who have not watched the program.Tests have shown that children who watch it five times a week learn more than those who seldom watch it.In the United States the program is shown at differenthours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watchit regularly.
Why has"Seasame Street"been so much more successful than other children′sshows?Many reasons have been suggested.Perhaps one reason is that motherswatch"Seasame Street"along with their children.But the best reasonfor the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching itfeel able to learn.The child finds himself learning,and he wants to learnmore.
When the first-year pupils who have watched the program are in the same class with those who haven′t,A.teaching will becomes a bit difficult
B.they will not get on well with one another
C.it is impossible to begin class at the fixed time
D.they don't want to learn anything more答案：A解析：考情点拨:推理判断题应试指导:文章第四段中，学校的老师发现将经常看这个节目的儿童和很少看这个节目的儿童编在一个班上课，就会出现一些问题，即教学可能会变得有点儿困难。 -
第24题：
问答题Training doesn’t just involve teaching someone how to write nifty software or even stick to company policies. It also focuses on softer skills like team-building, leadership and communication. Rather than train only in periods of flux or crisis, entrepreneurs should invest consistently in a structured program along the way. It may sound corny, but small firms that build what consultants like to call a “culture of learning” get more out of their training investments, because they don’t have to “reinvent the wheel” when restarting programs from scratch.正确答案：
培训不仅包括教人如何编写漂亮软件乃至如何遵守公司政策,培训同时也注重一些软技能,如团队建设、领导力以及沟通能力。企业家应该持之以恒地把培训作为一个有计划的项目进行投资,而不仅仅只在动荡或危机时刻才开展培训。这听上去或许有些老套,但是小公司如果致力于营造咨询师所称的“学习文化”的话,就会从其培训投资中获益良多,因为当他们重新启动项目时,无需再做重。解析： 暂无解析