问答题Practice 8 Over the years, organizations have implemented incentive plans for a variety of reasons: high labor costs, competitive product markets, slow technological advances, and high potential for production bottlenecks. While these reasons are stil
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问答题
Practice 8 Over the years, organizations have implemented incentive plans for a variety of reasons: high labor costs, competitive product markets, slow technological advances, and high potential for production bottlenecks. While these reasons are still cited, contemporary arguments for incentive plans focus on pay-for-performance and link compensation rewards to organizational goals. By meshing compensation and organizational objectives, managers believe that employees will assume “ownership” of their jobs, thereby improving their effort and overall job performance. Incentives are designed to encourage employees to put out more effort to complete their job tasks-effort they might not be motivated to expend under hourly and/or seniority-based compensation systems. Financial incentives are therefore offered to improve or maintain high levels of productivity and quality. Do incentive plans work? Various studies have demonstrated a measurable relationship between incentive plans and improved organizational performance. In a survey of organizations with more than 500 employees, conducted by the New York Stock Exchange,70 percent of organizations with gain sharing programs stated that those programs improved productivity. In the area of manufacturing productivity will often improve by as much as 20 percent after the adoption of incentive plans.
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第1题：
The high interactive possibilities of Internet is one of the reasons for ad agencies to develop more effective online advertising strategies.()此题为判断题(对，错)。
参考答案：对
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第2题：
Eventually, they gave up the project to build a bridge over the river because of the _______ high costs it would involve.
A：excessively
B：expensively
C：effectively
D：efficiently
正确答案：A -
第3题：
The following statements have been made about life cycle costing:
(i) It focuses on the short-term by identifying costs at the beginning of a product’s life cycle
(ii) It identifies all costs which arise in relation to the product each year and then calculates the product’s profitability on an annual basis
(iii) It accumulates a product’s costs over its whole life time and works out the overall profitability of a product
(iv) It allocates costs to each stage of a product’s life cycle and writes them off at the end of each stage
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A.(i) and (iii)
B.(iii) only
C.(i) and (iv)
D.(ii) only
正确答案：BAll of the statements are false except statement (iii).
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第4题：
The high prices for corn--while driving hunger in Africa--have encouraged other farmers to__________land from wheat, soybeans, or even pasture to corn production.A．turn over
B．turn on
C．turn up
D．turn around答案：A解析：考查动词短语辨析。turn around表示“回转，转向，转身，扭转”，turn over表示“(底朝上的)翻转，旋转，思考，移交等”，此处指“翻地”，turn on表示“开启，变得兴奋，突然装出，开始”。turn up表示“找到，出现．突然发生”。句意为“高涨的玉米价格在催生非洲的饥荒的同时，促使更多农场主在自己原本种植小麦、大豆甚至牧草的土地上种玉米”．故选A． -
第5题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.
a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：B解析： -
第6题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that _____.a.NCI has taken effective measures
b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d.none of these答案：D解析： -
第7题：
资料：之后，经济学家Mr.U与你讨论了一些潜在的问题，请根据下列资料回答问题。
KGV is s traditional high-street music retailer.Based in Amsterdam,it has 12 stores in the Netherlands,three of which are mega stores.Some years ago,it expanded into the rest of Europe and now owns 65 stores-eight of these are mega stores.The company is at present going through a difficult period.Over the last three years,profits have steadily fallen,from 450m Euros to 290m Euros.The mega stores’sales have risen by ,accounting for of the company’s turnover, but the increased revenue has been achieved only by heavy expenditure on advertising and promotion. Fierce competition,a narrow product range and a lack of innovation are some of the reasons for KGV’s poor performance.The management are concerned,especially,that they are not exploiting the opportunities offered by selling through the Internet.
What kind company is KGV?（ ）A.It is music studio.
B.It is an advertising agency.
C.It is a high-street music retailer.
D.It is a consulting firm.答案：C解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】kind;company
【主题句】KGV is s traditional high-street music retailer. “KGV是一家传统的高街音乐零售商。”
【解析】本题的问题是“KGV是一家什么类型的公司？”。选项A意为“它是一间音乐工作室”；选项B意为 “它是一家广告公司”；选项C 意为“它是一家高街音乐零售商”；选项D 意为“它是一家咨询公司”，结合主题句故选C。 -
第8题：
What is the protocol of following described： there are 4 priority queues：high，medium，normal.low the high and medium queue have precedence over the default queue the classifcation is configuration via the command ‘priority-list’ the default queue is the normal queue.
正确答案:Priority Queue -
第9题：
问答题Practice 7 Some people would say that the Englishman's home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average English is keen on working with his own hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one.. the high cost of labor has meant that the builders and decorators' costs have reached a level which makes them prohibitive for house-proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as the “Do-it-yourself Movement”. The “Do-it-yourself Movement” began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the “do-it- yourself” method.正确答案： 【参考译文】
有些人会说,英国人的家不再是自己的城堡,而成了自家的工场。一方面是因为普通英国人热衷于自己动手干活,另一方面是因为出于某种原因,他觉得自己必须干许多家务活,而在几年前,他会雇专业人员来干。其中主要原因是经济问题:劳动力昂贵意味着请建筑工和装潢工的费用涨了许多,以家为荣但收入不高的英国人负担不起。因此,如果这些英国人想让自己的住宅保持明亮而又漂亮,他们就得自己动手对住宅作些修缮和装饰。其结果是,在战后的年代里,英国出现了有时候被称为“自己动手”的运动。
“自己动手运动”始于居室装潢,此后又扩展到更多领域。如今,没有多少事情不能自己动手来做。解析： 暂无解析 -
第10题：
问答题Practice 7 While there are a few different conceptualizations of globalization, researchers seem to be in agreement that there are at least three dimensions of globalization: economic, political and cultural. The economic aspects of globalization stem from the spread of the capitalist world economy and the resulting expansion of goods and services. The need for cheap raw materials, cheap labor and new markets saw the expansion of the capitalist world economy from one that was primarily Eurocentric to one that encompassed the entire world. This process was achieved by various means and often involved overcoming political resistances in the new markets. The political aspects of globalization involved establishing control over markets and raw materials through either the use of direct military power or the establishment of international institutions that control such markets. The rise of the nation-state is an example of the political aspect of globalization, although it is argued that advances in telecommunications and information systems and the resulting constructions of institutions that transience territorial boundaries are making the nation-state obsolete.正确答案： 【参考译文】
尽管还有一些不同的全球化的观念,研究者似乎一致认为全球化至少有三个层面:经济的、政治的和文化的。全球化的经济层面源自资本主义世界经济的扩张以及产品和服务的扩展。对廉价原材料、劳动力和新市场的需求,使得资本主义世界从最初以欧洲为中心而扩展到了全世界。这一进程是通过多种方式完成的,并经常牵涉到克服新市场的政治障碍。全球化的政治方面主要是通过直接动用军事力量或者建立能控制新市场的国际机构,从而达到对新市场和原材料的控制。民族国家的兴起便是全球化政治层面的一个例证,尽管有人认为电信、信息系统的发展和跨越领土边界的机构的建立正在使民族国家过时。解析： 暂无解析 -
第11题：
单选题What is one of the reasons given by Morse and Weiss for the fact that people continue working for organisations?ATo earn high financial rewards.
BTo achieve promotion.
CTo attain a personal ambition.
DTo pursue something stimulating.
正确答案： D解析：
末段中，Morse和Weiss表明经济因素并不是工作的唯一动机，与他人的关系、通过工作获得的自尊、对工作高度的兴趣等因素，都可有效地促使人们工作。因此，D应是正确答案。 -
第12题：
单选题The police chief argued that first-time offenders who have no high school diploma but who have families with a record of crime will probably break the law again.Awho have no high school diploma but who have families with a record of crime
Bwithout a high school diploma and families having a criminal record
Cwithout a high school diploma whose families have a record of crime
Dwhose families have criminal records and lacking high school diplomas
Elacking high school diplomas and also having families having criminal records
正确答案： C解析：
通过通读全句，可知C项的表达在逻辑和语义上优于其余选项，故选C项。 -
第13题：
Eventually最终, they gave up the project to build a bridge over the river because of the _______ high costs it would involve.
A：excessively 过分地，极度
B：expensively
C：effectively
D：efficiently 高效的
正确答案：A -
第14题：
While appreciating good quality of your products, we are sorry to say that your price appears to be ().A、in the high level
B、at the high end
C、of the high standard
D、on the high side
参考答案：D
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第15题：
A company predicted that the learning rate for production of a new product would be 80%. The actual learning rate was 75%. The following possible reasons were stated for this:
(i) The number of new employees recruited was lower than expected
(ii) Unexpected problems were encountered with production
(iii) Unexpected changes to Health and Safety laws meant that the company had to increase the number of breaks during production for employees
Which of the above reasons could have caused the difference between the expected rate of learning and the actual rate of learning?
A.All of the above
B.(ii) and (iii) only
C.(i) only
D.None of the above
正确答案：CThe learning rate was actually better than expected and only (i) could cause it to improve.
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第16题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidents
b.smoking-related desease
c.murder
d.all of these答案：B解析： -
第17题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.
a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000答案：D解析： -
第18题：
We have decided to ___the prices of our products due to unexpectedly high transportation costs.A. increase
B. comment
C. construct
D. remain答案：A解析： -
第19题：
资料：之后，经济学家Mr.U与你讨论了一些潜在的问题，请根据下列资料回答问题。
KGV is s traditional high-street music retailer.Based in Amsterdam,it has 12 stores in the Netherlands,three of which are mega stores.Some years ago,it expanded into the rest of Europe and now owns 65 stores-eight of these are mega stores.The company is at present going through a difficult period.Over the last three years,profits have steadily fallen,from 450m Euros to 290m Euros.The mega stores’sales have risen by ,accounting for of the company’s turnover, but the increased revenue has been achieved only by heavy expenditure on advertising and promotion. Fierce competition,a narrow product range and a lack of innovation are some of the reasons for KGV’s poor performance.The management are concerned,especially,that they are not exploiting the opportunities offered by selling through the Internet.
What does the word “turnover” in paragraph 2 mean?（ ）A.An act or result of turning over.
B.The aggregate of worker replacements.
C.The total amount of business done in a given time.
D.change from one position to another.答案：C解析：本题考查的是词义猜测。
【关键词】turnover
【主题句】
The mega stores’sales have risen by , accounting for of the company’s turnover.超大商铺的销售额增长了，占公司营业额的。
【解析】本题的问题是“第二自然段中的turnover是什么意思？”选项A意为“一种转变的行为或结果”；选项B 意为“更换工人的数量”；选项C 意为“在既定时间内达到的经营额”；选项D 意为“从一个位置到另一个位置的变化”。结合主题句及上下文文意可判断出选项C为正确答案。 -
第20题：
单选题Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth. What is implied but not stated by the author is that （）.Asmoking rates among youth have declined very little
Bthere are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
Chigh smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
Dsmoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds
正确答案： B解析： 暂无解析 -
第21题：
问答题Scientific and technological advances have improved our daily lives. However, in many fields scientists cannot solve the problems they have created themselves. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give your reasons. Write a composition of about 400 words on this topic.正确答案：
Scientific and technological advances have, admittedly, improved people's daily lives and dramatically changed the way people live. People nowadays actually owe a great debt to the inventors who have pushed forward the development of science and technology. However, I am a strong believer in the claim that scientists in many fields cannot solve the problems they have created themselves, for the following reasons :
The creation of a new scientific and technological product is a purely academic matter, but its application may be affected by political, historical and military factors. For example, the original purpose of cloning was simply scientific—to change undesirable genes at the embryo stage, and to alleviate pain and illness of the patients. However, some people with ulterior motives may take advantage of this technique to clone human genes. This is sure to cause serious moral uncertainty and chaos for the human race. The inventors of cloning might have never imagined that the technology is now used for dishonorable purposes, and they can only rely on the government to prohibit human cloning by enforcing strict laws.
Sometimes it is impossible for researchers and scientists to predict the future application of the product they are working on. Atomic energy is a case in point. Its study and research are conducted with the aim of saving the world's limited energy resources and optimizing the use of current energy sources, such as water. Yet people are saddened by the news that atomic technology is used to manufacture dangerous weapons for the purpose of threatening or even destroying other countries and innocent people. For example, to retaliate Japan's attack on its Pearl Harbour, the United States dropped two atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing huge mortality and destruction, which were absolutely never dreamed by the scientists who invented the weapon. And once it was put into military use, the inventors could do nothing to change the fearful result.
In conclusion, scientists in many fields find themselves helpless when it comes to controlling the application of the technology they have labored so hard to produce and to solve the problems they have created.解析：
针对“科学家无法解决一些科技进步带来的问题”这一观点，范文作者在第一段末表示赞同。第二、三段具体解释了赞同的原因。首先，科技的应用受到政治、历史和军事因素的影响。其次，科学家不能完全预测产品的未来用途。其中恰当地运用了实例支持分论点。结尾段简洁地总结了中心思想。 -
第22题：
问答题Practice 6 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: An increase in production of consumer goods results in damage of the natural environment, what are the causes and possible solutions? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.正确答案： 【参考范文】
An increase in production of consumer goods results in damage of the natural environment, what are the causes and possible solutions?
A hot debate goes on and on for effective remedies to solve the plight between the increasing consumer goods and environmental problems. And so much attention paid on this difficult issue. From my perspective, I believe that some major environment impairing is tightly related to modern consumerism and I will put forward solutions then.
To begin with, the fast step of modern lifestyle contributes to the rubbish increase, since so many people prefer the use of disposable items for the convenience's sake. As a result, excessive garbage has been accumulating on our earth. The favor of disposables, hence, should take the blame. Products are ready to be thrown away since they have been manufactured. Subsequently, either the creation or dumping of popular products bringing great harm to the residents nearby since that they will release tremendous poisonous elements .in the air, soil, even in the sea. While, even when people come to realize their evil, they remain pursuing their profits regardless of any side effects to the environment.
Second, the relentless pursuit of consumerism also contributes a lot to the issue mentioned above. For example, animals are sacrificed to devote their fur or leather for human's vanity, giving rise to the lost of bio-diversification danger. Besides, the crazy hunger for luxury goods leading to the shrinking of Amazon forest or mangrove along the shores, results in abnormal climate world-wide. Motor vehicle and aircraft are the most notorious examples in this regard. A vicious circle might be just around the corner if man does not learn how to resist the endless obsession of consumerism. The global warming is a sign of future risk and we should take measures to solve the problem.
In response to solve this increasing adverse effect, some viable solutions must be put forward. To begin with, carbon-footprint cutting, committed by political figures and scientists globally, is a good start. Then, If possible, government should take stronger and harsher measures to combat the littering behavior, such as hefty fines. Last but not least, people must be called on to live simpler life—less luxurious consumer goods.
All in all, as is indicated above, it is inevitable that the higher pressure of population and over—industrialization will lead to larger scale of consumer goods production. In a whole, the major reasons why consumer goods production deteriorates the ecosystem and measures proposed have been listed above.解析： 暂无解析 -
第23题：
问答题What is the protocol of following described： there are 4 priority queues：high，medium，normal.low the high and medium queue have precedence over the default queue the classifcation is configuration via the command ‘priority-list’ the default queue is the normal queue.正确答案： Priority Queue解析： 暂无解析