单选题What is the passage primarily about?A The first widely published development in modem motivation theory.B Shifting the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach.C The importance of careful research.D The results of a pioneerin
题目
单选题
What is the passage primarily about?
A
The first widely published development in modem motivation theory.
B
Shifting the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach.
C
The importance of careful research.
D
The results of a pioneering study at Western Electric.
相似考题
更多“单选题What is the passage primarily about?A The first widely published development in modem motivation theory.B Shifting the focus of human motivation from economics to a multifaceted approach.C The importance of careful research.D The results of a pioneerin”相关问题
-
第1题：
The main idea of the first paragraph is _____.
［A］ the importance of cultural tools and technology
［B］ the cultural influence of the development of civilization
［C］ the focus of the study of the material culture of music
［D］ the significance of the research into the musical instruments
正确答案：D本题考查段落主旨。第一段共七句。第一句给“物质文化”下定义；第二、三句指出研究音乐文化就要研究音乐物质文化。第四、五句指出乐器是音乐文化研究中的重要物质文化。第六句指出乐器作为物质文化的两种形式。第七句举例说明乐器的研究在音乐文化研究中所起的作用。由此可见，第一段涉及的主题应是作为音乐物质文化的“乐器”，因此［D］正确。［A］和［B］泛泛谈文化，应排除。［C］虽然提到了音乐物质文化的研究，但未具体到乐器。
-
第2题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.
A: any medical event
B: articles published in the same issue
C: articles published in that journal
D: medical development答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第3题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.
A:any medical event
B:articles published in the same issue
C:articles published in that journal
D:medical development答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第4题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are______.
A:the general public
B:health professionals
C:medical critics
D:news reporters答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第5题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned inl the passage?
A:Five.
B:Seven.
C:Four.
D:Six.答案：A解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第6题：
问答题Practice 4 (The candidate chooses one topic and speaks about it for one minute.) A Motivation: the importance of motivating staff at all levels of a company B Financial Management: how to achieve savings on production costs. C Communication: the factors involved in determining staff access to confidential information.正确答案： 【参考范例】
If you chose A: (two possible answers)
a. It is very important to motivate staff at all levels of a company. The principle of motivation is to make sure that the work is interesting, challenging, and satisfying for the individual worker. To most employees, it is not sufficient to only have material rewards such as pay. So employer must try his best to motivate his staff. We all know that staff members working in high mood, and taking great satisfaction from their work will provide customers with good products and service. Consequently, the customers will be satisfied with the goods and service. To a large extent, business depends on good customer relations. Good customer relation will transfer into retention of a great number of loyal customers. As is known to all, loyal customers will take good care of your business.
b. Like an adage goes, “Nothing happens until someone sells something.”, which emphasizes a very important point to any business or institution, though taken literally it may be misleading or even untrue. As a matter of fact, many activities should happen before “someone sells some- thing”. You will have a lot of things to do, among which is to motivate staff, since you will need staff to do a lot of things, for instance market research, production of inventory, transportation to warehouses, purchasing of raw materials, financing of inventory, promotion and so on. Their good service will provide individual consumer with pleasure, and make them happy. Once you know how to motivate staff, you are certain to succeed.
If you chose B: (three possible answers)
a. The fundamental reason of business failure lies in poor management. It is possible that business difficulties are caused by the poor quality of management that is by internal factors and by factors external to the firm. The poorly operated business will fail, while the well managed will succeed. In order to achieve savings on production costs, there are some things that you need to know, which includes location, excessive competition, and difficulties in respect to receivables and inventory, and inadequate sales. If its management is aware of its environment, alert, resourceful, and flexible, the individual business can adapt to the constant changes in dynamic economy and survive.
b. In order to achieve savings on production costs, market research has to be conducted first and then a strategic plan needs to be made. The development of a sales forecast is significant to the planning of any business. With sales forecast in hand, all the costs of the business can as well be forecast according to knowledge of the way the sales are generated (the market plan). Given the income and costs generated by the sales forecast, then a financial plan can be prepared. Selecting location is also important. When selecting your location, you should make your first marketing decision, which requires your knowledge of three things: your product or service; its users (potential customers), and your competitors.
c. If you want to achieve savings on production costs, you must understand strategic cost management. Today’s business objectives have three aspects: to make profits, to beat competition, and to delight customers. You must accomplish the third so as to achieve the first two objectives. However, traditional cost-management techniques focused on the first objective only by minimizing cost without consideration of the effects on customers. Cost management means far more than cost cutting. Good cost management should be forward looking. Although you still need to look backward, the more you look forward to target costs and manage operations to meet cost goals, the less you will need to look backward to find out where costs went awry. And thus you should avoid the trap of trying to account costs out after the fact, instead of designing lower costs in ahead the fact.
If you chose C: (two possible answers)
a. Several factors are involved in determining staff access to confidential information. First of all, you need to make sure what kind of information is confidential. It is only the classified information or documents that need to be kept secret. Secondly, make sure who needs confidential information. Only those directly relating to the subject or problem under discussion or consideration can access the relevant information. Thirdly, you need to make sure the reason why they shall have access to information, which is limited to senior management or certain person. Is it necessary to give him/her the secret information? Finally, you need to be sure of the way the confidential information is used.
b. It is very vital to make sure those who have access to confidential information have signed a confidentiality undertaking—that is, a document promising not to make confidential information public. You don’t like to see a potential buyer use this confidential information either in the course of negotiations or after negotiations have broken down. Since many confidentiality letters have no legal value, taking appropriate advice is recommended. You should’ also take into consideration your strategy for informing your staff of the proposed sale. Most business owners would like to keep the sale secret from their employees until the deal has been completed or at least until negotiations are fairly advanced. However, this can be difficult and if staff finds out about the sale they will be unsettled. In addition, you will have to produce a tremendous amount of information about the business and its running, for which you will need the cooperation of senior management, who will therefore need to be informed of the sale.解析： 暂无解析 -
第7题：
单选题Part of the reason for the change in focus from economics to a more multifaceted approach to the psychological effects on doing work was __________.Adue to the recognition that workers should be happy at work to maintain high productivity
Ba general conclusion that pay was sometimes not the most important factor
Cbecause the Hawthorne study continued for so long
Dbecause the workers requested it
正确答案： C解析：
本题是推断题。第二段倒数第二句提到：总体上，研究人员从他们的试验中总结出经济上的激励(薪水)不是生产力的唯一源泉；在某些情况下，甚至不是最重要的源泉。由此可推断出人们关注的重点已经不是经济方面，而是工作时的心理影响等更多方面，所以答案为B。 -
第8题：
单选题What is the principal danger from the liquid in a half full tank onboard a vessel?（）ACorrosion from the shifting liquid
BRupturing of bulkheads from the shifting liquid
CLoss of stability from free surface effect
DHoling of the tank bottom from the weight of the shifting liquid
正确答案： C解析： 暂无解析 -
第9题：
单选题What is the passage mainly about?ARhythmic patterns in literature.
BRhythm in writing.
CThe place of rhythm in the lives of human beings.
正确答案： C解析：
文章从rhythm的定义出发，首先指出节奏性是人生来就有的，人类生活在节奏中，同时受到节奏的约束。而后具体讲生理和情感的节奏性，最后指出人类生活的节奏性使文学作品也带有节奏的美感，故C项“节奏在人类生活中的位置”正确。
【录音原文】
Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing a word, a phrase, an idea, a pause, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate; witness the response of a small child to lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhythms or nonsense syllables, not like primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.
Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of being in high spirits of concentration. It naturally follows that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary works, whether poetry or prose. -
第10题：
单选题What is the passage mainly about?AThe development of European art.
BModern art development in the United States.
CModern artists in the United States.
DModernism and Cubism.
正确答案： B解析：
纵观全文，第一段写美国的现代艺术由欧洲的新艺术运动传来，第二段写美国的现代派所受到的影响及其转变，第三段具体介绍现代派之一的立体派。所以，全文是关于现代艺术在美国的发展，故答案为B。 -
第11题：
问答题MINI-LECTURE 4 Improving Your Motivation for Learning English I．The importance of the techniques for improving motivation A．Necessity for leaning English B．Necessity for boosting motivation in (1) ______ (1)______ II． Motivation for learning English A．Talking to (2) ______freely (2)______ B．Admired by other people C．Writing email to people all over the world III．Ways to improve the motivation for learning English A．Remember your English is already good but (3) ______ (3)______ —stilla lot of things you don’t know —stillhaving problems: (4) ______, vocabulary, grammar, etc. (4)______ B．Use English as much as possible —Englishis (5) ______ (5)______ a) findinginformation from English-language websites b)(6) ______ (6)______ c) playingadventure games. d) readinginteresting English books, etc. —Englishwill be improved when effective methods are adopted C．Talking to people about English —peopletalk about things they are interested in —peoplegradually (7) ______in a boring subject (7)______ a) tellingothers your suffering when studying a boring subject b) tellingthem about the things you have learned D．Spending money on learning English —thedesire to use and improve English (8) ______ (8)______ because ofthe money you spent —impulseis given to learn English E．Learning English requires (9) ______ (9)______ —onesmall practice is more powerful than reading a lot —youwill enjoy (10) ______only if you change (10)______ something about your life.正确答案： 1.other areas/fields 讲座的主题是提高英语学习动机的方法(techniquesfor improving your motivation for learning English)。讲座开始时演讲者提到,这些在英语学习中常用到的方法,也被用于非英语学习领域中,用来激发我们的动力。可知答案为other areas或other fields。解析： 暂无解析 -
第12题：
单选题The passage is primarily concerned with ______.Athe etiquette of the eighteenth century
Bthe ensuing romance between two people from different social classes
Cthe lesson that one can never be too careful
Dthe resilience of the human spirit to rise after a fall and adapt to new surroundings
Ethe workings of social networks and importance of befriending the upper class
正确答案： E解析：
这篇文章主要是关于两个经历过经济困难上的女人慢慢适应社会并重新找到她们在社会上的位置。 -
第13题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called______.
A: a research article
B: a review article
C: a case report
D: an editorial答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第14题：
共用题干
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A: Five.
B: Seven.
C: Four.
D: Six.答案：A解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are physicians that report medical information to physi-cians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故答案为B。
由文章第二段第二句中“and some journals are published only online”可知，只是有一些医学杂志只刊登在网上。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze...Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals...Editorials in medical journals are...Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
由文章第三段中“Review articles summarize and analyze the information available for preventing , diagnosing or treating a particular disease.”可知，答案为B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal." 可知，给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。 -
第15题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Many medical journals also are published online.
B:A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C:Most medical journals are published only online.
D:Most medical journals are specialty journals.答案：C解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第16题：
共用题干
Medical Journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.
Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.
Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.
Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them.Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.
Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.An article dealing rjth results from different studies on the same topic is called___＿＿.
A:a research article
B:a review article
C:a case report
D:an editorial答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and health professions.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主要读者。故选B。
由文章第二段第二句话“… some journals are published only online.”可知，只有一些医学杂志仅仅在网上发行，而不是大部分都只在网上发行。故选C。
由文章第三段内容可知，医学杂志包含的文章类型有科研论文（research artides)、综述文章（review articles).病例会诊和病例报告（case conferences and case reports)、社论（editorials)和读者来信（letters to the editor)，共5种。故选A。
由文章第三段第三句和第四句话可知，包含同一主题的不同的研究结果的文章是综述文章（review article)。故选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句话“Letters to the editor…to express comments , questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知，读者来信（letters to the editor）使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论。故选C。 -
第17题：
共用题干
第二篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other
health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print.With the development of electronic publishing,
many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are published only online.A
few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical
journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus
on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of research studies
on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of
different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze、the information available on a specific topic
based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be
affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching
conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case
conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular
illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the
authors,often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-
spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide
it way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published
in that journal.The main readers of medical journals are_________.
A:the general public
B:health professionals
C:medical critics
D:news reporters答案：B解析：由文章第一段“Medical journals are publications that report medical information tophysicians and other health professionals.”可知，内科医生和其他健康专业人士是医学杂志的主 要读者。故答案为B。
被选项在内容上都是涉及到“医疗杂志的出版”，所以借助publish作为答案线索，发现 与答案相关句："many medical journals now have Websites on the Internet（该句与A内容一致）, and some journals publish only online.（该句直接与C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Jour- nal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they cov- er many fields of medicine.（该句与B内容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on。particular area of medicine.（该句与D内容一致）。”故选C。
由文章最后一段中的内容“Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research arti-dles report the results of...Review articles summarize and analyze…Case conferences and case re- ports may be published in medical journals…Editorials in medical journals are…Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of...”可知，文章的类型有五种。
根据题干中的核心结构different studies on the same topic作为线索，找到答案相关句： "Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on acareful search of the medical literature."（该句说“综述文章是在对医学文献进行了仔细的查询 后找出的对有关某一具体主题的信息进行的汇总和分析”) "Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diag- nosing or treating a particular disease."(“对于同一主题的不同研究结果的汇总”在含义上与上 句“综述文章”的目的一致），因此判断选B。
由文章最后一段最后一句“Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.”可知， 给编者的信使读者能够对杂志上发表的文章进行评论、提出问题或提出批评意见。第三篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是核辐射对人体的危害，以及可能导致的严重后果。 -
第18题：
单选题In the passage, the author is primarily interested in ______.Asuggesting an alternative to an out-dated research method
Bintroducing a new research method that calls an accepted theory into question
Cemphasizing the instability of data gathered from the application of a new scientific method
Dpresenting a theory and describing a new method to test that theory
Einitiating a debate about a widely accepted theory
正确答案： D解析：
主旨题。文章开始处，作者便提出了一种新的理论——即Milankovitch理论，然后第二段第二句中，作者提到：A recent discovery makes such a determination possible…，接着作者又对可以验证这个新理论的新方法进行了描述，故D项是正确的。 -
第19题：
单选题Which of the following is NOT true about the Hawthorne study?AIt was the first documented evidence of the psychological effects on doing work.
BThe Hawthorne study continued for five years.
CThey found that the workers responded not to the level of lighting but to the fact that other work conditions were not favorable.
DThe study changed the focus from economics to a multifaceted approach.
正确答案： B解析：
本题是是非题。第二段第二句提到选项A的内容、第二段第三句提到选项B的内容、第三段最后一句提到选项D的内容，这三项都是涉及霍桑效应的内容，只有选项C在文中没有提及，因此答案为C。 -
第20题：
单选题What is true about Dolly according to the text?AShe was a lonely sheep in the first place.
BShe was manufactured out of the lab.
CShe was cloned from the cell of a mature sheep.
DShe was replaced by cloned piglets in terms of importance.
正确答案： D解析：
细节理解题。根据题干中的名字定位到第一段首句“Dolly was once an awfully lonely sheep.” ，由此可知，多利曾经是一只孤单的绵羊，但并没交代是什么阶段，A选项中的in the first place意为“起初，首先”，与文意不符；该段第二句提到“…she was the only mammal ever to be manufactured from the cell of an adult donor”，即多利是唯一一只由原体提取的细胞培养而成的哺乳动物，不能推出它是完全依靠实验室制造出来的，故B选项错误；mature sleep是adult donor的同义转述，故C选项为正确答案；文章最后一句话提到“For the present，even a little new transplant material is a big improvement over what’s available…”，即即使是一个细微的新的移植物在已有的技术基础上都将是一个重大的进步，两者都体现了科技的进步，没有将其重要性进行比较，故D选项错误。 -
第21题：
单选题The passage asserts which of the following about commercial art?AThere are many examples of commercial art whose artistic merit is equal to that of great works of art of the past.
BCommercial art is heavily influenced by whatever doctrines are fashionable in the serious art world of the time.
CThe line between commercial art and great art lies primarily in how an image is used, not in the motivation for its creation.
DThe pervasiveness of contemporary commercial art has led art historians to undervalue representational skills.
正确答案： A解析：
文中：But I think that the victory…we may be in danger of ceasing to know.作者认为商业广告的推行和通俗化给艺术历史学家和评论家们造成了一定的难题，即他们会低估这种具象技能。 -
第22题：
单选题According to the passage, it can be concluded that a “multifaceted approach” to human motivation in the workplace to __________.Aexclude economics
Blead to greater productivity
Cexclude physical conditions
Dfocus mainly on psychological and social forces
正确答案： C解析：
本题是推断题。参考第87题的解析，可知更大限度地提高生产力是在工作场所采取各种方法来调动人们的积极性的目的，所以答案为B。 -
第23题：
单选题A statement made or implied in the passage is that __________.Aattitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
Ba child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth
Cattitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
Dthe attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by their teachers
正确答案： D解析：
文章第三段第一句提到“The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.”(小学老师在影响孩子态度方面处于关键性的位置)，由此可推断出小学生的态度主要受到他们老师的影响，故答案选D。文中没有提及与A、B和C项相关的内容。