问答题Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity.

A new technique（ ）,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

A.working out
B.having worked out
C.having been worked out
D.to have been worked out

If you use your commute to catch up on work email, that time "should be counted as part of the working day," according to a new study by researchers who analyzed thousands of commuters'online habits." If travel time were to count as work time, there would be many social and economic impacts." said Juhet Jain, one of the academics from the University of the West of England who surveyed several thousand commuters on trains in and out of London.
"Most respondents expressed how they consider their commute as time to 'catch up' with work, before or after their traditional working day," according to a summary of the study.“This transitional time also enabled people to switch roles, for example from being a parent getting the kids ready for 3 school in the morning to a business director during the day " The study quotes a working mother named Katheryn saying. "It's really important to my sanity that I can get work done on the tram. I am a busy mum and I rely on that time, so I can get things done”Another commuter, Andrew, told the researchers.'“It's dead time in a way so what it allows me to do is finish stuff and not work in the evenings." The study notes that while work rules vary around the world, some commuters in Norway are already "able to count travel time as part of their working day”
The findings on workers' use of smartphones and other devices to stay plugged in highight the importance of providing Wi-Fi to commuters, according to the academics, who presented their study at the Royal Geographical Society. To ollet the data, they focused on two train lines that boosted the amount of free Wi-Fi they offered. On the Birmingham to London line, 60 percent of commuters connected to the enhanced network. The results hint at what are likely to be increasingly complicated work-life discussions, in which employees and their bosses debate what qualifies as "work" and where the line between personal and professional time should be drawn. Discussing the results in a news release, Jain said, "It may ease commuter pressure on peak hours and allow for more comfort and flexibility around working times. However, it may also demand more survillance and accountability for productivity."
In addition to potential ramifications for mass transit that the British researchers highlighted,the idea of claiming commuting time on the clock could also appeal to workers who use other means of travel. Take, for instance, people who rely on ride. share companies to get to their jobs. And the discussion seems certain to widen in the near future, to inc lude a looming wave of self-driving cars that - in theory, at least -promises to free up more travel time for drivers.
As for rail commuters, the researchers said their work shows it s important that trains "“ffer a good working environment including tables , power。space and good continuous connectivity for internet and phone calls"
According to Juliet Jain, the work-life discussions between employees and their bosses may_____

A. lead to distance working
B. ease employee pressure
C. draw a clear line between work and life
D. promote productivity

If you use your commute to catch up on work email, that time "should be counted as part of the working day," according to a new study by researchers who analyzed thousands of commuters'online habits." If travel time were to count as work time, there would be many social and economic impacts." said Juhet Jain, one of the academics from the University of the West of England who surveyed several thousand commuters on trains in and out of London.
"Most respondents expressed how they consider their commute as time to 'catch up' with work, before or after their traditional working day," according to a summary of the study.“This transitional time also enabled people to switch roles, for example from being a parent getting the kids ready for 3 school in the morning to a business director during the day " The study quotes a working mother named Katheryn saying. "It's really important to my sanity that I can get work done on the tram. I am a busy mum and I rely on that time, so I can get things done”Another commuter, Andrew, told the researchers.'“It's dead time in a way so what it allows me to do is finish stuff and not work in the evenings." The study notes that while work rules vary around the world, some commuters in Norway are already "able to count travel time as part of their working day”
The findings on workers' use of smartphones and other devices to stay plugged in highight the importance of providing Wi-Fi to commuters, according to the academics, who presented their study at the Royal Geographical Society. To ollet the data, they focused on two train lines that boosted the amount of free Wi-Fi they offered. On the Birmingham to London line, 60 percent of commuters connected to the enhanced network. The results hint at what are likely to be increasingly complicated work-life discussions, in which employees and their bosses debate what qualifies as "work" and where the line between personal and professional time should be drawn. Discussing the results in a news release, Jain said, "It may ease commuter pressure on peak hours and allow for more comfort and flexibility around working times. However, it may also demand more survillance and accountability for productivity."
In addition to potential ramifications for mass transit that the British researchers highlighted,the idea of claiming commuting time on the clock could also appeal to workers who use other means of travel. Take, for instance, people who rely on ride. share companies to get to their jobs. And the discussion seems certain to widen in the near future, to inc lude a looming wave of self-driving cars that - in theory, at least -promises to free up more travel time for drivers.
As for rail commuters, the researchers said their work shows it s important that trains "“ffer a good working environment including tables , power。space and good continuous connectivity for internet and phone calls"
what is the author' s attitude towards the study ?

A、neutral
B、critical
C、ndifferent
D、biased

If you use your commute to catch up on work email, that time "should be counted as part of the working day," according to a new study by researchers who analyzed thousands of commuters'online habits." If travel time were to count as work time, there would be many social and economic impacts." said Juhet Jain, one of the academics from the University of the West of England who surveyed several thousand commuters on trains in and out of London.
"Most respondents expressed how they consider their commute as time to 'catch up' with work, before or after their traditional working day," according to a summary of the study.“This transitional time also enabled people to switch roles, for example from being a parent getting the kids ready for 3 school in the morning to a business director during the day " The study quotes a working mother named Katheryn saying. "It's really important to my sanity that I can get work done on the tram. I am a busy mum and I rely on that time, so I can get things done”Another commuter, Andrew, told the researchers.'“It's dead time in a way so what it allows me to do is finish stuff and not work in the evenings." The study notes that while work rules vary around the world, some commuters in Norway are already "able to count travel time as part of their working day”
The findings on workers' use of smartphones and other devices to stay plugged in highight the importance of providing Wi-Fi to commuters, according to the academics, who presented their study at the Royal Geographical Society. To ollet the data, they focused on two train lines that boosted the amount of free Wi-Fi they offered. On the Birmingham to London line, 60 percent of commuters connected to the enhanced network. The results hint at what are likely to be increasingly complicated work-life discussions, in which employees and their bosses debate what qualifies as "work" and where the line between personal and professional time should be drawn. Discussing the results in a news release, Jain said, "It may ease commuter pressure on peak hours and allow for more comfort and flexibility around working times. However, it may also demand more survillance and accountability for productivity."
In addition to potential ramifications for mass transit that the British researchers highlighted,the idea of claiming commuting time on the clock could also appeal to workers who use other means of travel. Take, for instance, people who rely on ride. share companies to get to their jobs. And the discussion seems certain to widen in the near future, to inc lude a looming wave of self-driving cars that - in theory, at least -promises to free up more travel time for drivers.
As for rail commuters, the researchers said their work shows it s important that trains "“ffer a good working environment including tables , power。space and good continuous connectivity for internet and phone calls"
How do most respondents think of the transitional time. in their commutes?

A. It is a waste of time
B. It is worthy time period.
C. It depends on the distance
D. It needs to be paid

Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,supplies to Yushu,Qinghai（ ）province after the earthquake.

A.sending
B.to send
C.having sent
D.to have sent

If you use your commute to catch up on work email, that time "should be counted as part of the working day," according to a new study by researchers who analyzed thousands of commuters'online habits." If travel time were to count as work time, there would be many social and economic impacts." said Juhet Jain, one of the academics from the University of the West of England who surveyed several thousand commuters on trains in and out of London.
"Most respondents expressed how they consider their commute as time to 'catch up' with work, before or after their traditional working day," according to a summary of the study.“This transitional time also enabled people to switch roles, for example from being a parent getting the kids ready for 3 school in the morning to a business director during the day " The study quotes a working mother named Katheryn saying. "It's really important to my sanity that I can get work done on the tram. I am a busy mum and I rely on that time, so I can get things done”Another commuter, Andrew, told the researchers.'“It's dead time in a way so what it allows me to do is finish stuff and not work in the evenings." The study notes that while work rules vary around the world, some commuters in Norway are already "able to count travel time as part of their working day”
The findings on workers' use of smartphones and other devices to stay plugged in highight the importance of providing Wi-Fi to commuters, according to the academics, who presented their study at the Royal Geographical Society. To ollet the data, they focused on two train lines that boosted the amount of free Wi-Fi they offered. On the Birmingham to London line, 60 percent of commuters connected to the enhanced network. The results hint at what are likely to be increasingly complicated work-life discussions, in which employees and their bosses debate what qualifies as "work" and where the line between personal and professional time should be drawn. Discussing the results in a news release, Jain said, "It may ease commuter pressure on peak hours and allow for more comfort and flexibility around working times. However, it may also demand more survillance and accountability for productivity."
In addition to potential ramifications for mass transit that the British researchers highlighted,the idea of claiming commuting time on the clock could also appeal to workers who use other means of travel. Take, for instance, people who rely on ride. share companies to get to their jobs. And the discussion seems certain to widen in the near future, to inc lude a looming wave of self-driving cars that - in theory, at least -promises to free up more travel time for drivers.
As for rail commuters, the researchers said their work shows it s important that trains "“ffer a good working environment including tables , power。space and good continuous connectivity for internet and phone calls"
Norway serves as an example to show how workers' time during their commutes_

A. is becoming increasingly popular
B. benefits workers and their bosses
C. can be counted as part of their work
D. save both money and labor

If you use your commute to catch up on work email, that time "should be counted as part of the working day," according to a new study by researchers who analyzed thousands of commuters'online habits." If travel time were to count as work time, there would be many social and economic impacts." said Juhet Jain, one of the academics from the University of the West of England who surveyed several thousand commuters on trains in and out of London.
"Most respondents expressed how they consider their commute as time to 'catch up' with work, before or after their traditional working day," according to a summary of the study.“This transitional time also enabled people to switch roles, for example from being a parent getting the kids ready for 3 school in the morning to a business director during the day " The study quotes a working mother named Katheryn saying. "It's really important to my sanity that I can get work done on the tram. I am a busy mum and I rely on that time, so I can get things done”Another commuter, Andrew, told the researchers.'“It's dead time in a way so what it allows me to do is finish stuff and not work in the evenings." The study notes that while work rules vary around the world, some commuters in Norway are already "able to count travel time as part of their working day”
The findings on workers' use of smartphones and other devices to stay plugged in highight the importance of providing Wi-Fi to commuters, according to the academics, who presented their study at the Royal Geographical Society. To ollet the data, they focused on two train lines that boosted the amount of free Wi-Fi they offered. On the Birmingham to London line, 60 percent of commuters connected to the enhanced network. The results hint at what are likely to be increasingly complicated work-life discussions, in which employees and their bosses debate what qualifies as "work" and where the line between personal and professional time should be drawn. Discussing the results in a news release, Jain said, "It may ease commuter pressure on peak hours and allow for more comfort and flexibility around working times. However, it may also demand more survillance and accountability for productivity."
In addition to potential ramifications for mass transit that the British researchers highlighted,the idea of claiming commuting time on the clock could also appeal to workers who use other means of travel. Take, for instance, people who rely on ride. share companies to get to their jobs. And the discussion seems certain to widen in the near future, to inc lude a looming wave of self-driving cars that - in theory, at least -promises to free up more travel time for drivers.
As for rail commuters, the researchers said their work shows it s important that trains "“ffer a good working environment including tables , power。space and good continuous connectivity for internet and phone calls"
What can be the best title of the passage?

A. Emailing on your commute More needs to be offered!
B. Emailing on your commute That's overwork!
C. Emailing on your commute Best time for role switching!
D. Emailing on your commute That's work!

根据下列内容，回答181-185题。
For the first century or so of the Industrial Revolution, increased productivity led to decreasesin working hours. A generation ago social planners worried about what people would do with all thisnew-found free time. In the US, at least, it seems they need not have bothered.
Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure (freetime)seems reserved largely for the unemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on thejob as they did at the end of World War II. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since1970.
There are several reasons for lost leisure. Since 1979,companies have responded toimprovements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiringextra personnel. Most increased production doesn't relate to the employment. Some firms are evendownsizing as their profits climb. It's more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra houreach than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job.
Although employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade moneyfor leisure. People who work reduced hours pay a huge price in career terms. It's taken as anegative (负面的 ) signal about their commitment to the firm. Many managers find it difficult tomeasure the contribution of their staff to a firm's well-being, so they use the number of workinghours instead of the output to evaluate the employees. Well aware of this, employees adjust theirbehavior accordingly.
It may take some time before workers can successfully trade increased productivity and moneyfor leisure time. The reality is that the U.S. market for goods has focused on fulltime, two-careerhouseholds. Car makers no longer produce cheap models, and developers do not build the tinybungalows that served the first postwar generation of house seekers.
In a word, in U.S., goods are appropriate only for high incomes and long hours.
What was the result of the industrial revolution?__________

A.Less working time.
B.More unemployment.
C.Fewer factories.
D.More jobs.

The empirical evidence suggests that______extra working hours can have positive effects on labor market outcomes, while others reporting zero or negative effects.

A.absorbing

B.adopting

C.abolishing
D.abandoning