问答题Drinking too much alcohol can lead to alcohol dependency, accidents, liver damage and so on. Connections have been made between heavy drinking and cancer of the mouth, strokes, raised blood pressure, increased infertility, A host of other unwelcome con

题目
问答题
Drinking too much alcohol can lead to alcohol dependency, accidents, liver damage and so on. Connections have been made between heavy drinking and cancer of the mouth, strokes, raised blood pressure, increased infertility, A host of other unwelcome conditions have also been reported, which casts a shadow over even light social drinking. And in the United States women have been persuaded that any alcohol consumption during pregnancy “may lead to birth defects”, a message printed on every bottle of wine in commercial circulation.
相似考题

1.Drunken driving, sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed hy drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 350,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop"responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution. The rule that only people above 21 years of age can drink__________.A.is a new law promoted by the twenty states B.had been once adopted before the 1960s C.has been enforced since the prohibition of alcohol D.will be carried out all over the country

2.Drunken driving, sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed hy drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 350,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop"responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution. What is the author's attitude toward all the laws against drunken driving?A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic. C.Indifferent. D.Ironic.

3.Drunken driving, sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed hy drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 350,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop"responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution. In reformers' opinion,__________is the most effective way to stop youngsters from drinking alcohol.A.raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 B.forcing teenagers to obey disciplines C.developing young people's sense of responsibility D.pressing teenagers to take soft drinks

4.Drunken driving, sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed hy drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 350,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop"responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution. ?Which of the following sentences best concludes the main idea of this passage?A.Drunken driving has caused numerous fatalities in the United States. B.It's recommendable to prohibit alcohol drinking around the United States. C.The American society is trying hard to prevent drunken driving. D.Drunken driving has become a national epidemic in the United State.

参考答案和解析
正确答案：
饮用太多的酒能导致对酒精的依赖、事故的发生、对肝脏的损害等等。人们已把酗酒和口腔癌、中风、高血压以及越来越多的不孕症联系在一起。还有报道认为其他一些不良症状也与酗酒有关,即使是应酬时少量的饮酒都成了问题。在美国,妇女会收到忠告,说怀孕期间饮酒“会引起胎儿畸形”,每瓶出售的酒上都印着这条忠告。
解析： 暂无解析
更多“问答题Drinking too much alcohol can lead to alcohol dependency, accidents, liver damage and so on. Connections have been made between heavy drinking and cancer of the mouth, strokes, raised blood pressure, increased infertility, A host of other unwelcome con”相关问题

  • 第1题：

    Drunken driving, sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed hy
    drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 350,000 over the past decade.
    A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
    Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop"responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
    Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks.
    As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
    Which of the following four drivers can be defined as an illegal driver?

    A.A sixteen-year-old boy who drank a glass of wine three hours ago.
    B.An old lady who took four shots of whisky in yesterday's party.
    C.A policeman who likes alcohol very much.
    D.A pregnant woman who drank a beer an hour ago.

    答案：A
    解析：
    根据第三段第一句可知，美国的二十个州已经把合法饮酒的年龄提高到21岁，改变了60年代把合法饮酒年龄降到18岁的风潮。所以“l6岁的男孩饮酒后开车是非法的”。故选A。

  • 第2题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking pattems of 1 ,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity（腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal（喉）cancer."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group includ-ed people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest-consumption group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the laryngeal cancer. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame tissues.Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso says.He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    According to the last paragraph,tissue's lower exposure to alcohol__________.
    A:explains why inflammation triggers cancer
    B:accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues
    C:is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues
    D:reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer

    答案：D
    解析：
    文章第一句“In what may be bad news for bars and pubs , a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.”提供了答案。
    第二段的第二句说的是餐外饮酒使得喉癌的概率增加了20%，而不是就餐时饮酒。所以C是正确答案。其他三项文中直接或间接提到。
    第三段第二句告诉我们，酒精摄入量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯，因此，大约每天在三杯左右。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由in contrast连接的两个句子。 in contrast表达的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精摄入量最大的一组，患其他三种癌友的概率与低酒精摄入量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍。而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的概率只是另一组的3倍。因此，B是正确选项。
    文章最后一句提供了答案。

  • 第3题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking pattems of 1 ,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity（腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal（喉）cancer."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group includ-ed people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest-consumption group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the laryngeal cancer. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame tissues.Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso says.He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people_________.
    A:who drink alcohol outside of meals
    B:who drink alcohol at meals
    C:who never drink alcohol
    D:who drink alcohol at bars and pubs

    答案：A
    解析：
    文章第一句“In what may be bad news for bars and pubs , a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.”提供了答案。
    第二段的第二句说的是餐外饮酒使得喉癌的概率增加了20%，而不是就餐时饮酒。所以C是正确答案。其他三项文中直接或间接提到。
    第三段第二句告诉我们，酒精摄入量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯，因此，大约每天在三杯左右。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由in contrast连接的两个句子。 in contrast表达的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精摄入量最大的一组，患其他三种癌友的概率与低酒精摄入量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍。而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的概率只是另一组的3倍。因此，B是正确选项。
    文章最后一句提供了答案。

  • 第4题：

    Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
    One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
    The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
    Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
    The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．

    What has the college become known for?

    A.It's known for its lack of heavy drinking by student
    B.It's known for heavy alcohol used by student
    C.It's known for its great teacher
    D.It's known for its great classe

    答案：B
    解析：
    从第二段可知，有一所学校决定禁酒，原因是那所学校已经以酒吧多而闻名，被称作是酒吧学校。

  • 第5题：

    Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
    One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
    The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
    Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
    The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．

    Why does the college want all freshmen to take the alcohol course?

    A.Only freshmen drink alcoho
    B.The other students already know about alcohol danger
    C.They want to reach students as soon as they enter colleg
    D.Freshmen do not know muc

    答案：C
    解析：
    见第一段和最后一段。第一段已经说在校生酗酒的事很严重。酒后的学生会做出危险的事。因此，让学生知道有关酒精的危害越多越好。

  • 第6题：

    Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
    One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
    The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
    Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
    The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．

    What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading?

    A.A first time touris
    B.An old touris
    C.A tourist who has travelled a lo
    D.Young tourist

    答案：C
    解析：
    本文是一个野营地为招揽生意而做的广告。由第一段可知，seasoned tourists指那些经常旅游的人们。

  • 第7题：

    共用题干
    第三篇

    Liver Disease

    The liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.
    One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.
    Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.
    Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.
    Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.

    Unobvious symptoms of liver diseases may include the following signs EXCEPT________.
    A:loss of appetite
    B:tiredness
    C:nauseous feeling
    D:slight weight loss

    答案：C
    解析：
    细节题。第二段第二句：肝病是美国前10大死亡原因之一。这并不说明 10％的美国人死于肝病。A、C、D第二段中都有提到。因此B选项是错误的。
    词义推断题。第三段第一句：肝病可以从很多方面显示征兆。即便不清楚这个词的意思，从第二句可以看出manifestation是manifest的名词形式，从第二句的意思也可以看出manifest的意思是“显示”。A选项的意思是“消失”,B选项的意思是“发生”,D选项的意思是“引起”，只有C选项是“显示”的意思。
    细节题。第三段第四句：症状可能包括疲乏、总体感觉身体不适、食欲不振和轻度体重下降。A、B、D都有提到，只有C选项“感觉恶心”没有提到。
    细节题。第四段第三句：其他预防乙肝病毒扩散的方式包括：······不共享剃须刀、牙刷或其他个人用品。可见B选项是正确的。第四段倒数第二句：目前没有疫苗可以预防丙肝病毒。因此A选项是错误的。最后一段倒数第四句：酒和药物混合服用也会伤害肝脏，即便不是同时服用。因此C选项是错误的。最后一段倒数第二句：尽量减少直接接触有毒素的物质，如杀虫剂。没有说不能使用，因此D选项是错误的。
    主旨题。本文意在让人们了解肝病的起因、症状和一些预防措施。A、B、C都过于片面。

  • 第8题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    The Culture of Campus Drinking

    Drinking on college campuses in the United States is more pervasive and destructive than many people realize.Studies show that alcohol consumption is linked to at least 1,400 student deaths and 500,000 unintentional injuries annually.Alcohol consumption by college students is associated with drinking and driving,diminished academic performance,and medical and legal problems.Nondrinking students also may experience alcohol-related consequences,such as increased rates of crime,traffic crashes,rapes and assaults,and property damage.
    Traditions and beliefs handed down through generations of college drinkers serve to reinforce students' expectations that alcohol is a necessary component of social success.The role of alcohol in college life is evident in the advertising and sale of alcoholic beverages on or near campuses.This combination of social and environmental influences creates a culture of drinking that passively or actively promotes the use of alcohol.
    Yet efforts to reduce student drinking have largely been unsuccessful,in part because proven, research-based prevention strategies have not been consistently applied.It is first necessary to change the culture of college drinking if prevention strategies are to be effective.The analysis strongly supports the use of a"3-in-1 Framework"to target three primary audiences simultaneously:individual students,including high-risk drinkers;the student body as a whole;and the surrounding community.
    The leadership of college presidents and school administrators is crucial to develop appropriate plans,supervise the integration of policies pertaining to different aspects of student life,and ensure consistent enforcement of drinking-related policies.

    Alcohol consumption may lead to__________.
    A:good academic performance
    B:traffic jams
    C:unintentional injuries
    D:less crimes

    答案：C
    解析：
    细节题。根据第一段第二句可知饮酒可能会导致无意伤害。A、B和D分别是好学业成绩、交通拥堵和犯罪减少，由第一段第三句和第四句可知这几个选项是不正确的。
    推断题。第二段最后一句：这种社会与环境影响的结合创造了一种饮酒文化。第二段第一句：传统和观念通过大学饮酒者代代相传，因此社会影响即指代代传统观念。因此，饮酒文化是由代代相传的传统观念和环境影响而产生的。
    细节题。第三段最后一句：“三加一框架”意在同时针对三大目标人群。A 是无关信息，B和C是不正确且不全面的。
    细节题。第四段阐述了领导力体现重要作用的三个方面，其中B选项―确保饮酒相关政策始终如一地贯彻落实，是其中之一。A未提到，C制定激进计划与原文意思不符，D监督不同政策，与原文意思不够切合。
    主旨题。本文大意是校园饮酒的现阶段情况和如何解决这一问题。A、B 和D均不够概括。

  • 第9题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    “Don' t Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking
    alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who
    drink with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from
    four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who
    downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in
    the oral cavity（口腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only
    at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal
    cancer（喉癌）."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study
    volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports,is that drinking with meals didn't
    eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on
    how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group included people who
    averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for
    an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption
    even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest
    group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites
    other than the larynx.If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those
    in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled（四倍）their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral
    cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with
    those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-in-
    take,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame（使发炎）tissues. Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso
    says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tract（消化道）tissues
    or by taking alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower
    for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Which of the following is NOT a research finding about"drinking with meals"?
    A:It lowers cancer risk compared with drinking without food.
    B:It may be a cause of cancer.
    C:It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the four sites.
    D:It increases by 20 percent the risk of cancer in all the four sites.

    答案：D
    解析：
    由文章第一段第一句话可知空腹喝酒的人要比进餐时喝酒的人更容易在口腔和脖子 部位患癌症，故选C。
    题干问：下面哪一项不是关于“进餐时喝酒”的研究结果？A项对应文章第一段第一句 话，可参考31题解析。B项和C项对应文章第二段最后一句话“The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn' t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.”由文章第 二段第二句话“Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer.”可知D项错误，故选D。
    由文章第三段第二句话“The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.”故选B。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由连接词in contrast连接的两个句子。in contrast表达 的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精消费量最大的一组，患其他三种癌症的几率与低酒精 摄人量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍，而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的几 率只是另一组的3倍（triple)。故B是正确选项。
    由文章最后一段最后一句话可知进餐时喝酒的人患喉癌的几率最小是因为喉部器官 组织接触酒精的面积最少。故选A。第二篇 本文主要讲述了阿司匹林作为一种止痛药，它的发明及畅销过程，以及发现它可以治疗心脏 病发作的事情。

  • 第10题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    The Culture of Campus Drinking

    Drinking on college campuses in the United States is more pervasive and destructive than many people realize.Studies show that alcohol consumption is linked to at least 1,400 student deaths and 500,000 unintentional injuries annually.Alcohol consumption by college students is associated with drinking and driving,diminished academic performance,and medical and legal problems.Nondrinking students also may experience alcohol-related consequences,such as increased rates of crime,traffic crashes,rapes and assaults,and property damage.
    Traditions and beliefs handed down through generations of college drinkers serve to reinforce students' expectations that alcohol is a necessary component of social success.The role of alcohol in college life is evident in the advertising and sale of alcoholic beverages on or near campuses.This combination of social and environmental influences creates a culture of drinking that passively or actively promotes the use of alcohol.
    Yet efforts to reduce student drinking have largely been unsuccessful,in part because proven, research-based prevention strategies have not been consistently applied.It is first necessary to change the culture of college drinking if prevention strategies are to be effective.The analysis strongly supports the use of a"3-in-1 Framework"to target three primary audiences simultaneously:individual students,including high-risk drinkers;the student body as a whole;and the surrounding community.
    The leadership of college presidents and school administrators is crucial to develop appropriate plans,supervise the integration of policies pertaining to different aspects of student life,and ensure consistent enforcement of drinking-related policies.

    The culture of campus drinking is created by_________.
    A:passively or actively promoting the use of alcohol
    B:the role of alcohol in college life
    C:gaining social success with drinking
    D:generations' traditional beliefs and environmental influence

    答案：D
    解析：
    细节题。根据第一段第二句可知饮酒可能会导致无意伤害。A、B和D分别是好学业成绩、交通拥堵和犯罪减少，由第一段第三句和第四句可知这几个选项是不正确的。
    推断题。第二段最后一句：这种社会与环境影响的结合创造了一种饮酒文化。第二段第一句：传统和观念通过大学饮酒者代代相传，因此社会影响即指代代传统观念。因此，饮酒文化是由代代相传的传统观念和环境影响而产生的。
    细节题。第三段最后一句：“三加一框架”意在同时针对三大目标人群。A 是无关信息，B和C是不正确且不全面的。
    细节题。第四段阐述了领导力体现重要作用的三个方面，其中B选项―确保饮酒相关政策始终如一地贯彻落实，是其中之一。A未提到，C制定激进计划与原文意思不符，D监督不同政策，与原文意思不够切合。
    主旨题。本文大意是校园饮酒的现阶段情况和如何解决这一问题。A、B 和D均不够概括。

  • 第11题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    “Don' t Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking
    alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who
    drink with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from
    four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who
    downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in
    the oral cavity（口腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only
    at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal
    cancer（喉癌）."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study
    volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports,is that drinking with meals didn't
    eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on
    how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group included people who
    averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for
    an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption
    even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest
    group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites
    other than the larynx.If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those
    in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled（四倍）their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral
    cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with
    those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-in-
    take,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame（使发炎）tissues. Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso
    says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tract（消化道）tissues
    or by taking alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower
    for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    According to the last paragraph,tissues'lower exposure to alcohol_________.
    A:reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer
    B:explains why inflammation triggers cancer
    C:accounts for why food can cover digestive-tract tissues
    D:is the reason why food can take alcohol off them

    答案：A
    解析：
    由文章第一段第一句话可知空腹喝酒的人要比进餐时喝酒的人更容易在口腔和脖子 部位患癌症，故选C。
    题干问：下面哪一项不是关于“进餐时喝酒”的研究结果？A项对应文章第一段第一句 话，可参考31题解析。B项和C项对应文章第二段最后一句话“The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn' t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.”由文章第 二段第二句话“Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer.”可知D项错误，故选D。
    由文章第三段第二句话“The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.”故选B。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由连接词in contrast连接的两个句子。in contrast表达 的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精消费量最大的一组，患其他三种癌症的几率与低酒精 摄人量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍，而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的几 率只是另一组的3倍（triple)。故B是正确选项。
    由文章最后一段最后一句话可知进餐时喝酒的人患喉癌的几率最小是因为喉部器官 组织接触酒精的面积最少。故选A。第二篇 本文主要讲述了阿司匹林作为一种止痛药，它的发明及畅销过程，以及发现它可以治疗心脏 病发作的事情。

  • 第12题：

    单选题
    We can conclude from the passage that “binge drinking” means ______.
    A

    a period of excessive indulgence in drinking

    B

    group drinking in the street

    C

    drinking for love affair

    D

    mixed strong alcohol drinking


    正确答案： D
    解析：
    题目问的是：我们可以从文中得出“binge drinking”的意思是什么？binge意为“大吃大喝，狂欢；放纵”，故选A。

  • 第13题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking pattems of 1 ,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity（腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal（喉）cancer."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group includ-ed people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest-consumption group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the laryngeal cancer. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame tissues.Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso says.He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?
    A:3 drinks.
    B:8 drinks.
    C:20 drinks.
    D:56 drinks.

    答案：A
    解析：
    文章第一句“In what may be bad news for bars and pubs , a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.”提供了答案。
    第二段的第二句说的是餐外饮酒使得喉癌的概率增加了20%，而不是就餐时饮酒。所以C是正确答案。其他三项文中直接或间接提到。
    第三段第二句告诉我们，酒精摄入量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯，因此，大约每天在三杯左右。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由in contrast连接的两个句子。 in contrast表达的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精摄入量最大的一组，患其他三种癌友的概率与低酒精摄入量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍。而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的概率只是另一组的3倍。因此，B是正确选项。
    文章最后一句提供了答案。

  • 第14题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking pattems of 1 ,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity（腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal（喉）cancer."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group includ-ed people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest-consumption group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the laryngeal cancer. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame tissues.Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso says.He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about"drinking with meals"?
    A:It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food.
    B:It may also be a cause of cancer.
    C:It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.
    D:It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

    答案：C
    解析：
    文章第一句“In what may be bad news for bars and pubs , a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.”提供了答案。
    第二段的第二句说的是餐外饮酒使得喉癌的概率增加了20%，而不是就餐时饮酒。所以C是正确答案。其他三项文中直接或间接提到。
    第三段第二句告诉我们，酒精摄入量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯，因此，大约每天在三杯左右。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由in contrast连接的两个句子。 in contrast表达的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精摄入量最大的一组，患其他三种癌友的概率与低酒精摄入量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍。而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的概率只是另一组的3倍。因此，B是正确选项。
    文章最后一句提供了答案。

  • 第15题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking pattems of 1 ,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity（腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal（喉）cancer."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group includ-ed people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest-consumption group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the laryngeal cancer. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame tissues.Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso says.He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?
    A:Oral cancer.
    B:Laryngeal cancer.
    C:Pharyngeal cancer.
    D:Esophageal cancer.

    答案：B
    解析：
    文章第一句“In what may be bad news for bars and pubs , a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food.”提供了答案。
    第二段的第二句说的是餐外饮酒使得喉癌的概率增加了20%，而不是就餐时饮酒。所以C是正确答案。其他三项文中直接或间接提到。
    第三段第二句告诉我们，酒精摄入量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯，因此，大约每天在三杯左右。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由in contrast连接的两个句子。 in contrast表达的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精摄入量最大的一组，患其他三种癌友的概率与低酒精摄入量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍。而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的概率只是另一组的3倍。因此，B是正确选项。
    文章最后一句提供了答案。

  • 第16题：

    Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
    One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
    The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
    Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
    The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．

    __at the college are required to take the alcohol information course.

    A.Sophomores
    B.Freshmen
    C.Seniors
    D.Juniors

    答案：B
    解析：
    本文讲的是大学校园里如何禁止学生酗酒。倒数第二段中提到，学校规定入校新生必须上规定的特殊课程——酒精教育课。这门课的目的是让学生了解酒精的危害。

  • 第17题：

    Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
    One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
    The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
    Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
    The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．

    How do officials know that alcohol is a problem at the school?

    A.Students are getting bad grade
    B.There are too many bars on the campu
    C.Only a few students drin
    D.Several students have died and one is in a com

    答案：D
    解析：
    第二段讲到，校园里已有5人死于酒精过量，还有一人处于昏迷状态。选项A和B文章中皆未提及。选项C与文中内容相反。

  • 第18题：

    He has been drinking alcohol so heavily that his health severely affected and got his ___ alcoholically.

    A.quantum
    B.qualm
    C.quail
    D.quietus

    答案：D
    解析：
    本题考查形近词辨析。选项A意为“量子，定量”，选项B意为“不安，良心谴责”，选项C意为“沮丧，恐惧”，选项D意为“死，生命的终止”，题目意为“他一直酗酒，以致于他的健康受到严重影响，最终他也死于酒精”。根据题意，故选D。
    　　

  • 第19题：

    共用题干
    第三篇

    Liver Disease

    The liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.
    One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.
    Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.
    Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.
    Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.

    Which following statement is true according to the passage?
    A:Hepatitis C vaccination is the best way to prevent HCV.
    B:It is wise not to share personal items so as to stop the spread of HBV.
    C:It is not harmful when alcohol and medicines are not taken at the same time.
    D:We cannot use products with toxins like insecticides.

    答案：B
    解析：
    细节题。第二段第二句：肝病是美国前10大死亡原因之一。这并不说明 10％的美国人死于肝病。A、C、D第二段中都有提到。因此B选项是错误的。
    词义推断题。第三段第一句：肝病可以从很多方面显示征兆。即便不清楚这个词的意思，从第二句可以看出manifestation是manifest的名词形式，从第二句的意思也可以看出manifest的意思是“显示”。A选项的意思是“消失”,B选项的意思是“发生”,D选项的意思是“引起”，只有C选项是“显示”的意思。
    细节题。第三段第四句：症状可能包括疲乏、总体感觉身体不适、食欲不振和轻度体重下降。A、B、D都有提到，只有C选项“感觉恶心”没有提到。
    细节题。第四段第三句：其他预防乙肝病毒扩散的方式包括：······不共享剃须刀、牙刷或其他个人用品。可见B选项是正确的。第四段倒数第二句：目前没有疫苗可以预防丙肝病毒。因此A选项是错误的。最后一段倒数第四句：酒和药物混合服用也会伤害肝脏，即便不是同时服用。因此C选项是错误的。最后一段倒数第二句：尽量减少直接接触有毒素的物质，如杀虫剂。没有说不能使用，因此D选项是错误的。
    主旨题。本文意在让人们了解肝病的起因、症状和一些预防措施。A、B、C都过于片面。

  • 第20题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    “Don' t Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking
    alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who
    drink with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from
    four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who
    downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in
    the oral cavity（口腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only
    at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal
    cancer（喉癌）."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study
    volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports,is that drinking with meals didn't
    eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on
    how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group included people who
    averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for
    an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption
    even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest
    group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites
    other than the larynx.If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those
    in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled（四倍）their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral
    cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with
    those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-in-
    take,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame（使发炎）tissues. Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso
    says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tract（消化道）tissues
    or by taking alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower
    for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Which of the four cancers has the lowest risk?
    A:Oral cancer.
    B:Laryngeal cancer.
    C:Pharyngeal cancer
    D:Esophageal cancer.

    答案：B
    解析：
    由文章第一段第一句话可知空腹喝酒的人要比进餐时喝酒的人更容易在口腔和脖子 部位患癌症，故选C。
    题干问：下面哪一项不是关于“进餐时喝酒”的研究结果？A项对应文章第一段第一句 话，可参考31题解析。B项和C项对应文章第二段最后一句话“The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn' t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.”由文章第 二段第二句话“Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer.”可知D项错误，故选D。
    由文章第三段第二句话“The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.”故选B。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由连接词in contrast连接的两个句子。in contrast表达 的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精消费量最大的一组，患其他三种癌症的几率与低酒精 摄人量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍，而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的几 率只是另一组的3倍（triple)。故B是正确选项。
    由文章最后一段最后一句话可知进餐时喝酒的人患喉癌的几率最小是因为喉部器官 组织接触酒精的面积最少。故选A。第二篇 本文主要讲述了阿司匹林作为一种止痛药，它的发明及畅销过程，以及发现它可以治疗心脏 病发作的事情。

  • 第21题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    The Culture of Campus Drinking

    Drinking on college campuses in the United States is more pervasive and destructive than many people realize.Studies show that alcohol consumption is linked to at least 1,400 student deaths and 500,000 unintentional injuries annually.Alcohol consumption by college students is associated with drinking and driving,diminished academic performance,and medical and legal problems.Nondrinking students also may experience alcohol-related consequences,such as increased rates of crime,traffic crashes,rapes and assaults,and property damage.
    Traditions and beliefs handed down through generations of college drinkers serve to reinforce students' expectations that alcohol is a necessary component of social success.The role of alcohol in college life is evident in the advertising and sale of alcoholic beverages on or near campuses.This combination of social and environmental influences creates a culture of drinking that passively or actively promotes the use of alcohol.
    Yet efforts to reduce student drinking have largely been unsuccessful,in part because proven, research-based prevention strategies have not been consistently applied.It is first necessary to change the culture of college drinking if prevention strategies are to be effective.The analysis strongly supports the use of a"3-in-1 Framework"to target three primary audiences simultaneously:individual students,including high-risk drinkers;the student body as a whole;and the surrounding community.
    The leadership of college presidents and school administrators is crucial to develop appropriate plans,supervise the integration of policies pertaining to different aspects of student life,and ensure consistent enforcement of drinking-related policies.

    The main idea of this passage is to explain_________.
    A:the destructive results caused by campus drinking
    B:how the culture of the campus drinking is created
    C:the current situation of campus drinking and how to resolve the problem
    D:the culture of campus drinking in the US is not good

    答案：C
    解析：
    细节题。根据第一段第二句可知饮酒可能会导致无意伤害。A、B和D分别是好学业成绩、交通拥堵和犯罪减少，由第一段第三句和第四句可知这几个选项是不正确的。
    推断题。第二段最后一句：这种社会与环境影响的结合创造了一种饮酒文化。第二段第一句：传统和观念通过大学饮酒者代代相传，因此社会影响即指代代传统观念。因此，饮酒文化是由代代相传的传统观念和环境影响而产生的。
    细节题。第三段最后一句：“三加一框架”意在同时针对三大目标人群。A 是无关信息，B和C是不正确且不全面的。
    细节题。第四段阐述了领导力体现重要作用的三个方面，其中B选项―确保饮酒相关政策始终如一地贯彻落实，是其中之一。A未提到，C制定激进计划与原文意思不符，D监督不同政策，与原文意思不够切合。
    主旨题。本文大意是校园饮酒的现阶段情况和如何解决这一问题。A、B 和D均不够概括。

  • 第22题：

    共用题干
    第一篇

    “Don' t Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

    In what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that people drinking
    alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those who
    drink with food.Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from
    four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.
    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed,they found that individuals who
    downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in
    the oral cavity（口腔）,pharynx（咽）,and esophagus（食管）,when compared with people who drank only
    at meals.Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal
    cancer（喉癌）."Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study
    volunteers,"Dal Maso says.The discouraging news,his team reports,is that drinking with meals didn't
    eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.
    For their new analysis,the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on
    how many drinks they reported having in an average week.The lowest-intake group included people who
    averaged up to 20 drinks a week.The highest group reported downing at least 56 cups of alcohol weekly for
    an average of eight or more per day.Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption
    even for people who reported drinking only with meals.For instance,compared with people in the lowest
    group,participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol cups a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites
    other than the larynx.If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals,those
    in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled（四倍）their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.
    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral
    cancer,7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer,and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with
    those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals.In contrast,laryngeal cancer risk in the high-in-
    take,with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.
    "Alcohol can inflame（使发炎）tissues. Over time,that inflammation can trigger cancer."Dal Maso
    says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially covering digestive-tract（消化道）tissues
    or by taking alcohol off those tissues.He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower
    for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

    Who are more likely to develop cancer in the mouth and neck?
    A:People who drink alcohol at meals.
    B:People who never drink alcohol.
    C:People who drink alcohol outside of meals.
    D:People who drink alcohol only at bars and pubs.

    答案：C
    解析：
    由文章第一段第一句话可知空腹喝酒的人要比进餐时喝酒的人更容易在口腔和脖子 部位患癌症，故选C。
    题干问：下面哪一项不是关于“进餐时喝酒”的研究结果？A项对应文章第一段第一句 话，可参考31题解析。B项和C项对应文章第二段最后一句话“The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn' t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.”由文章第 二段第二句话“Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer.”可知D项错误，故选D。
    由文章第三段第二句话“The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week.”故选B。
    文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由连接词in contrast连接的两个句子。in contrast表达 的是句间的反比关系。第一句说明酒精消费量最大的一组，患其他三种癌症的几率与低酒精 摄人量组相比，分别是他们的10倍、7倍和16倍，而第二句告诉我们，相比之下，其患喉癌的几 率只是另一组的3倍（triple)。故B是正确选项。
    由文章最后一段最后一句话可知进餐时喝酒的人患喉癌的几率最小是因为喉部器官 组织接触酒精的面积最少。故选A。第二篇 本文主要讲述了阿司匹林作为一种止痛药，它的发明及畅销过程，以及发现它可以治疗心脏 病发作的事情。

  • 第23题：

    共用题干
    第三篇

    Liver Disease

    The liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.
    One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.
    Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.
    Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.
    Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.

    The word "manifest" in Paragraph 3 could be best replaced by__________.
    A:disappear
    B:happen
    C:show
    D:cause

    答案：C
    解析：
    细节题。第二段第二句：肝病是美国前10大死亡原因之一。这并不说明 10％的美国人死于肝病。A、C、D第二段中都有提到。因此B选项是错误的。
    词义推断题。第三段第一句：肝病可以从很多方面显示征兆。即便不清楚这个词的意思，从第二句可以看出manifestation是manifest的名词形式，从第二句的意思也可以看出manifest的意思是“显示”。A选项的意思是“消失”,B选项的意思是“发生”,D选项的意思是“引起”，只有C选项是“显示”的意思。
    细节题。第三段第四句：症状可能包括疲乏、总体感觉身体不适、食欲不振和轻度体重下降。A、B、D都有提到，只有C选项“感觉恶心”没有提到。
    细节题。第四段第三句：其他预防乙肝病毒扩散的方式包括：······不共享剃须刀、牙刷或其他个人用品。可见B选项是正确的。第四段倒数第二句：目前没有疫苗可以预防丙肝病毒。因此A选项是错误的。最后一段倒数第四句：酒和药物混合服用也会伤害肝脏，即便不是同时服用。因此C选项是错误的。最后一段倒数第二句：尽量减少直接接触有毒素的物质，如杀虫剂。没有说不能使用，因此D选项是错误的。
    主旨题。本文意在让人们了解肝病的起因、症状和一些预防措施。A、B、C都过于片面。

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