单选题Many doctors direct their patients to name-brand drugs, but smart consumers know that generic drugs cost half as much as buying name-brand drugs.A generic drugs cost half as much as buying name-brand drugsB buying generic drugs costs half as much as na

We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a$69 billion deal to buy Aetna,a heatth insurer.One rationale for the deal-assuming the regulators wave it through-is for the merged firm to develop personalised health care that people can easily get access to.There is another,more defensive,impetus behind the deal-the prospect of Amazon going into prescription medicine.The American pharmaceutical market is an alluring one for the online giant.It is large,worth$450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers（PBMs）,a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna.
What prompted CVS to buy Aetna?

A.lts eagerness to bring health care to all.
B.Its desire to develop personalized medicine
C.Its concern over a potential threat
D.lts passion for prescription drug business

共用题干
Relieving the Pain

"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain.
"People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reac-
tion to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not
productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the
third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days off
work.
Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground , but
they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility
and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential.
It releases endorphins（内啡肤）,the body's " feel-good " chemicals , which are natural painkillers. In fact,
these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of en-
dorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than
exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause
of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different
drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain.
"Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was tak-
ing two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients
have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as pos-
sible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,fol-
lowed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day , they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense , and deep
thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional
hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence,"
explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work
and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."

Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Relieving the Pain

"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain.
"People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reac-
tion to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not
productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the
third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days off
work.
Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground , but
they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility
and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential.
It releases endorphins（内啡肤）,the body's " feel-good " chemicals , which are natural painkillers. In fact,
these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of en-
dorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than
exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause
of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different
drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain.
"Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was tak-
ing two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients
have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as pos-
sible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,fol-
lowed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day , they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense , and deep
thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional
hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence,"
explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work
and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."

New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

Danny cannot resist the lure of drugs.

A:consumption
B:abuse
C:flavor
D:temptation

共用题干
第一篇

Narcotic Addiction（麻醉品依赖）

Heroin（海洛因）addiction today is found chiefly among young people in ghetto areas（贫民区）. Of the more than 60,000 known addicts,more than half live in New York State.Most of these live in New York City. Recent figures show that more than half of the addicts are less than 30 years of age.
Narcotic（麻醉剂）addiction in the United States is not limited to heroin users. Some middle-aged and older persons who take narcotic drugs regularly to relieve pain can also become addicted. So do some people who can get drugs easily,such as doctors,nurses and druggists. Studies show that this type of addict has personality and emotional problems very similar to those of other regular narcotic users.
Many addicts admit that getting a continued supply is the main objective of their lives.His concentration on getting drugs often prevents the addict from continuing his education or his job.His health is often poor. He may be sick one day from effects of withdrawal（撤退，这里指不吸毒）and sick the next from an overdose（吸毒过量）.Statistics show that his life span（寿命）may. be shorted by 15 to 20 years.He is usually in trouble with his family and almost always in trouble with the law.
Some studies suggest that many of the known narcotic addicts had some trouble with the law before they became addicted.Once addicted,they may even become more involved with crime because it costs so much to support the heroin habit.
Most authorities agree that the addict's involvement with crime is not a direct effect of the drug itself. Turning to crime is usually the only way he has of getting that much money.His crimes are always thefts or other crimes against property.
Federal penalties for illegal usage of narcotics were established under the Harrison Act (《哈里森法案》）of 1914. The Act provides（规定）that illegal possession of narcotics is punished by fines and/or imprisonment. Sentences can range from 2 to 10 years for further offences.
Illegal sale of narcotics can mean a fine of $20,000 and a sentence from 20 to 40 years for later offences.A person who Sells narcotics to someone under 18 is refused parole（假释）and probation（缓刑）, even for the first offences. if the drug is heroin,he can be sentenced to life imprisonment or to death.

According to the author,which of the following is the main objective of a drug addict?
A:Quitting drugs.
B:Getting financial help.
C:Having drug all the time.
D:Spiritual comfort.

We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a$69 billion deal to buy Aetna,a heatth insurer.One rationale for the deal-assuming the regulators wave it through-is for the merged firm to develop personalised health care that people can easily get access to.There is another,more defensive,impetus behind the deal-the prospect of Amazon going into prescription medicine.The American pharmaceutical market is an alluring one for the online giant.It is large,worth$450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers（PBMs）,a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna.
What is a PBM responsible for?

A.It maiches drug purchases with patients.
B.It seeks to remove the opacity about drugs.
C.It explains the insurance details to consumers.
D.It handles the issues concerning drugs payment

We're bringing health care to"where people live and work."So declared Larry Merlo,CEO of CVS Health,an American retail-pharmacy giant,announcing a$69 billion deal to buy Aetna,a heatth insurer.One rationale for the deal-assuming the regulators wave it through-is for the merged firm to develop personalised health care that people can easily get access to.There is another,more defensive,impetus behind the deal-the prospect of Amazon going into prescription medicine.The American pharmaceutical market is an alluring one for the online giant.It is large,worth$450 billion in 2016.And it is widely regarded as inefficient,leaving customers without good information about products they are buying.Compared with books,toys and other bulky items,the drugs market would appear to be a nirvana for Amazon.Prescription medicines weigh almost nothing,take up little space and can cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per pill.But three barriers block the road to this idyll.First,the sale and distribution of drugs is heavily regulated.Amazon would not be able to dump prescription drugs into the same fulfilment channels as its other products.It must acquire pharmaceutical licences for any state where it wishes to operate.Amazon would also need approval from the Food and Drug Administration at a federal level.Operating in a controlled industry would be a departure for a free-wheeling tech firm.Second,most drugs are paid for by insurers,not by consumers.The pharmacy-benefits managers（PBMs）,a sort of middlemen that buy drugs for insurers and companies,perform the complex task of matching purchases with patients'insurers,so that drugs are paid for.That is a source of the sort of opacity that Amazon would seek to remove.But the rcommerce firm would still need to handle issues of payment in the background,without keeping asking consumers for insurance details.Third,although drugs do come in small packages,their shipping and handling often require special attention.Many drugs must be kept cold throughout the supply chain.Others are dangerous,and must be kept in locked cages.Yet these drugs are often also the most expensive.If Amazon cherry-picks drugs that fit well into its existing network,it will miss out on a large slice of the market.Customers could find it confusing to be able to get some prescriptions through Amazon's store but not others.Amazon could find itself a partner,however.In July the boss of Express Scripts,a PBM,said it could use Amazon as an"efficient provider in networks".Or Amazon could buy what it needs.It might buy Rite Aid,a big pharmacy chain,giving it licences,a"cold-chain"infrastructure and Rite Aid's small PBM in one swoop.A prospect like that goes a long way to explaining the marriage of CVS and Aetna.
To sell drugs in America,Amazon must

A.acquire a federal pharmaceurical license.
B.strengthen iis shipping infrastructure.
C.select those fitting into its existing network.
D.state clearly what prescriptions it has in store.

共用题干
Relieving the Pain

"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain.
"People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reac-
tion to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not
productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the
third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days off
work.
Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground , but
they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility
and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential.
It releases endorphins（内啡肤）,the body's " feel-good " chemicals , which are natural painkillers. In fact,
these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of en-
dorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than
exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause
of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different
drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain.
"Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was tak-
ing two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients
have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as pos-
sible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,fol-
lowed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day , they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense , and deep
thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional
hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence,"
explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work
and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."

Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Relieving the Pain

"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain.
"People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive reac-
tion to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not
productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the
third most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days off
work.
Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground , but
they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility
and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential.
It releases endorphins（内啡肤）,the body's " feel-good " chemicals , which are natural painkillers. In fact,
these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of en-
dorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than
exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause
of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different
drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain.
"Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was tak-
ing two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients
have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as pos-
sible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,fol-
lowed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day , they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense , and deep
thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional
hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence,"
explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work
and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."

To treat pain,patients should stop moving around.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Relieving the Pain

"Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,"say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain.
"People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising."The instinctive
reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not
productive,especially in the case of back pain. Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the third
most common reason for people to visit their doctors.Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.
Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but
they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility
and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain.Exercise is essential.
It releases endorphins（内啡肽）,the body's "feel-good" chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact,
these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of
endorphins in the body.
Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than
exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause
of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different
drugs."It's crazy,"says Dr. Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain.
"Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I've just seen a patient who was
taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names."
A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients
have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as
possible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.
In some pain一 relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,
followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day,they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense,and deep
thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours' physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional
hospital program."The idea is to strengthen and to increase long一lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence,"
explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool."Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work
and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment."

Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned