Huge solar mirrors are put in orbit around Mars to ___ the polar ice－caps.A、warmB、heatC、heatenD、enheat

共用题干
Solar Storm

At the end of October 2003,a sudden solar storm hit the earth.A solar storm refers to
the large amounts of charged particles released into space_________(1)the solar energy
increases.The release of the energy_________(2)place along with the activity of the
sunspots with a cycle of 11 years.This time,the_________(3)of the storm exceeded
expectations.
This_________(4)of intense solar storm was caused by the eruption of a solar flare
（闪光）and the ejection（喷发）of the solar corona（日冠）on October28, 2003. Large
amounts of charged particles moved 150, 000,000 kilometers through space toward the
_________(5)in 19 hours. They could affect aircraft roaming（漫游）in space.
The high-energy particles will_________(6)some of the parts of an aircraft.They
may also cause it to fail.High-energy particles can threaten the safety of an aircraft at a
high orbit.If an aircraft orbits at a lower orbit,it is_________(7)because it is under the
protection of the earth's magnetic field.
A solar storm not only affects aircraft but also is a_________(8)to the environment
and humans.The aerosphere and magnetic field of the earth can_________(9)humans
from ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. While most of the X-rays are absorbed after they enter
the aerosphere（大气层）,still a few can_________(10) the ground.
The geomagnetic storm caused by this round of solar storm reaches its highest level on
the two_________(11)of the earth,which affects electricity supply of North America.
Overexposure to_________(12)threatens the health of passengers on planes flying over
the Polar Regions.If we fly in the sky during such a solar storm,it_________(13)we
receive ten times the X-ray radiation.It's really damaging.
Scientists say a solar eruption is like the sun sneezing,which will make the earth
_________(14)a cold.Though this natural force is irresistible,scientists can still
_________(15)its movement accurately by monitoring.Facing successive solar storms,
humans can't drop their guard.

_________(13)
A:recommends
B:means
C:proposes
D:advises

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California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power

Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that California has given the green
light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power
beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major challenges will have to be
overcome if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says will use radio waves to beam
energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geo-
synchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells , by contrast , can only collect sun light during day-
time and when skies are clear.
But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things in-
to space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana."if you're talking about it being
economically viable for power of the Earth,it's a tough go,"he says.
Cal Boerman,Solaren's director of energy services,says the company designed its satellites with a view
to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different,revolutionary design,"he says.
A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight,including using inflatable mir-
rors to focus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges,including keeping the solar cells from overheating,says
Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concentrating a lot of energy
in one place,"he says.According to the company's patent,Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radia-
tors to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work,it is not expec-
ting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California and other states require increasing use
of renewable energy in coming years,he points out."To meet those needs,we're going to need all types of
renewable energy sources,"he says.

Inflatable mirrors are used to reduce the weight of the space-based solar power system.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
第一篇

An Expensive Mistake

Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars?Was there ever life on Mars?Scientists from
NASA wanted to know the answers to tliese questions.They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get
informnation.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars iii December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,
everything was fine.However.when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft
didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.it was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft
couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists
planned? Finally,they found the anlswer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team
was in England,and one teann was in the United States.There were many similarities in the way they
worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The
United States team used the metric systcnni（公制）.The oilier team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit
(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong
path.The Orbiter got too close amid too hot,and it stopped functioning.

Why didn'tanybody see the mistake before it was too late?Many things contributed to the problem.
One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same
time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Or-
biter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't
the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the
Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!

NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to get information about_______.
A:the size of Mars
B:possible life on Mars
C:the shape of Mars
D:the atmosphere of Mars

共用题干
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!

Why didn't NASA scientists identify the problem before the Orbiter left for Mars?
A:they didn't know the English system.
B:they were sure of the success of the trip.
C:they didn't get enough research funding.
D:they were tired from working long hours.

共用题干
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!

What caused the Orbiter's problem,______.
A:Scientists used wrong guidelines of mathematics
B:Scientists used wrong building materials
C:Scientists used different operating systems
D:Scientists used different measurement systems

第53题答案是__________

A.warm
B.take
C.put
D.catch

共用题干
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power

Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that California has given the green
light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power
beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major challenges will have to be
overcome if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says will use radio waves to beam
energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geo-
synchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells , by contrast , can only collect sun light during day-
time and when skies are clear.
But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things in-
to space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana."if you're talking about it being
economically viable for power of the Earth,it's a tough go,"he says.
Cal Boerman,Solaren's director of energy services,says the company designed its satellites with a view
to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different,revolutionary design,"he says.
A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight,including using inflatable mir-
rors to focus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges,including keeping the solar cells from overheating,says
Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concentrating a lot of energy
in one place,"he says.According to the company's patent,Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radia-
tors to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work,it is not expec-
ting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California and other states require increasing use
of renewable energy in coming years,he points out."To meet those needs,we're going to need all types of
renewable energy sources,"he says.

Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power

Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality,now that California has given the green
light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power
beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016.But some major challenges will have to be
overcome if the technology is to be used widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites,which it says will use radio waves to beam
energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geo-
synchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-based solar cells , by contrast , can only collect sun light during day-
time and when skies are clear.
But space-based solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things in-
to space,says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana."if you're talking about it being
economically viable for power of the Earth,it's a tough go,"he says.
Cal Boerman,Solaren's director of energy services,says the company designed its satellites with a view
to keeping launch costs down."We knew we had to come up with a different,revolutionary design,"he says.
A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight,including using inflatable mir-
rors to focus sunlight on solar cells,so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges,including keeping the solar cells from overheating,says
Schwartz."You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）because you're now concentrating a lot of energy
in one place,"he says.According to the company's patent,Solaren's solar cells will be connected to radia-
tors to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work,it is not expec-
ting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy.Laws in California and other states require increasing use
of renewable energy in coming years,he points out."To meet those needs,we're going to need all types of
renewable energy sources,"he says.

Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
第一篇

An Expensive Mistake

Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars?Was there ever life on Mars?Scientists from
NASA wanted to know the answers to tliese questions.They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get
informnation.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars iii December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,
everything was fine.However.when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft
didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.it was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft
couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists
planned? Finally,they found the anlswer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team
was in England,and one teann was in the United States.There were many similarities in the way they
worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The
United States team used the metric systcnni（公制）.The oilier team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit
(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong
path.The Orbiter got too close amid too hot,and it stopped functioning.

Why didn'tanybody see the mistake before it was too late?Many things contributed to the problem.
One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same
time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost $94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Or-
biter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't
the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the
Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!

What caused the Orbiter's problem?
A:Scientists used wrong guidelines of mathematics.
B:Scientists used wrong building materials.
C:Scientists used different operating systems.
D:Scientists used different measurement systems.

共用题干
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!

When did the Orbiter's problem begin?
A:Right after it left for Mars.
B:When it got near Mars.
C:Right after it landed on Mars.
D:When it returned to Earth.

共用题干
An Expensive Mistake
Is there water on the planet Mars?Is there life in Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions.They built a space-craft to travel around Mars and get information.The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter.
The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars in December 1998.The trip took nine and a half months.At first,everything was fine.However,when the Orbiter got near Mars,something terrible happened.The spacecraft didn't go to the right place.It went too close to Mars.It was too hot for the Orbiter there.The spacecraft couldn't function correctly.Suddenly,it stopped sending messages to NASA.The Orbiter was lost.
How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned?Finally,they found the answer.Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter.One team was in England,and one team was in United States.There were many similarities in the way they worked,but there was one important difference:The teams used different guidelines for measuring things.The United States team used the metric system（公制）.The other team used the English system.
Because they used different systems,the scientists made a mathematical mistake.The Orbiter's orbit(the shape and pattern of its path)around Mars was not correct.The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path.The Orbiter got too close and too hot.And it stopped functioning.
Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem.One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time.This was a challenge,and they were very tired from working long hours.
The Mars Climate Orbiter cost$94 million to build.It also cost a lot of money to try to find the lost Orbiter in space.In addition,NASA's research on the cause of the problem was very expensive.This wasn't the first time that two different measurement systems caused mistakes in scientific projects.However,the Mars Climate Orbiter was definitely the most expensive mistake of all!

How long did it take the Orbiter to get close to Mars?
A:One year.
B:Less than one year.
C:About two and a half year.
D:More than three years.